Book: Roget's Thesaurus

A >> Author: >> Roget's Thesaurus

Pages:
1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | 21 | 22 | 23 | 24 | 25 | 26 | 27 | 28 | 29 | 30 | 31 | 32 | 33 | 34 | 35 | 36 | 37 | 38 | 39 | 40 | 41 | 42 | 43 | 44 | 45 | 46 | 47 | 48 | 49 | 50 | 51 | 52 | 53

*************************************************************************
** Thesaurus-1911 **
*************************************************************************
Being a computer-readable version of the Roget's Thesaurus published
in 1911.

This electronic version was prepared and placed in the public domain
by MICRA, Inc. 1991.

This file is an electronic version of the edition of Roget's Thesaurus
published in 1911 by the Crowell company. The following differences will
be noted between this version and the original printed edition:
(1) the space-saving abbreviations in the original, using hyphens to
represent common prefixes or suffixes have been expanded into the full
words.
(2) the side-by-side format for words and their opposites has been
abandoned. Words are listed in order of their entry number.
(3) each main entry has a pound sign "#" in front of the number to
facilitate computerized search.
(4) greek words and phrases are transliterated and included between
brackets in the format .
(5) where italics occurred in the original, italics are used in the
Microsoft Word format file. In the plain ASCII file, this formatting is
lost.
(6) the approximate location of the bottom of each page in the original
1911 printed book is indicated by a comment of the form: <-- p. 23 -->.
Note that there are two spaces between the "p." and the page number.
(7) This file contains only the main body of the thesaurus. Neither
outline nor index are contained here.

A version of this electronic thesaurus which has been supplemented to
include more modern words and phrases is in preparation, and will be
available from MICRA, Inc. The supplemented version will also be available
for licensing in larger quantities at a modest cost (this supplemented
version has been copyrighted). This supplemented version is much less
complete than the latest editions of commercial thesauri, and is probably
not as suitable for use as an adjunct to word-processing programs, but it
nevertheless has the substantial virtue that it can be obtained and
licensed with minimum fuss by anyone with an interest in computer
programming.
Future versions of this thesaurus are also planned, which will be
reorganized somewhat in a hierarchical fashion to maximize the ability to
take advantage of inheritance from higher categories. The objective is to
create a database of words organized by semantic categories, suitable for
use in natural-language understanding programs. This is a very small-scale
project, which will not be competitive with commercial efforts such as the
CYC project, but is intended to provide a resource for natural-language
processing for individuals or small groups without the financial clout of
large corporations. Anyone who is currently engaged in a similar project,
or would be willing to contribute to this project, is encouraged to contact
us, so that unnecessary duplication of effort can be avoided.
This copy has about 1,000 typographical errors which have not yet been
removed.

Send inquiries or comments to:

MICRA Inc.
735 Belvidere Ave.
Plainfield, NJ 07062-2054
(908) 668-5252
==========================================================================

-->

ROGET'S THESAURUS OF ENGLISH WORDS AND PHRASES

CLASS I
WORDS EXPRESSING ABSTRACT RELATIONS

SECTION I. EXISTENCE

1. BEING, IN THE ABSTRACT

#1. Existence.-- N. existence, being, entity, ens, esse, subsistence
reality, actuality; positiveness &c.. adj.; fact, matter of fact,
sober reality; truth &c. 494; actual existence.
presence &c.. (existence in space) 186; coexistence &c.. 120.
stubborn fact, hard fact; not a dream &c. 515; no joke.
center of life, essence, inmost nature, inner reality, vital
principle.
[Science of existence], ontology.
V. exist, be; have being &c. n.; subsist, live, breathe, stand,
obtain, be the case; occur &c. (event) 151; have place, prevail; find
oneself, pass the time, vegetate.
consist in, lie in; be comprised in, be contained in, be constituted
by.
come into existence &c. n.; arise &c. (begin) 66; come forth &c.
(appear) 446. become &c. (be converted) 144; bring into existence &c. 161.
abide, continue, endure, last, remain, stay.
Adj. existing &c. v. existent, under the sun; in existence &c. n.;
extant; afloat, afoot, on foot, current, prevalent; undestroyed.
real, actual, positive, absolute; true &c. 494; substantial,
substantive; self-existing, self-existent; essential.
well-founded well-grounded; unideal, unimagined; not potential &c. 2;
authentic.
Adv. actually &c. adj.; in fact, in point of fact, in reality; indeed;
de facto, ipso facto.
Phr. ens rationis; ergo sum cogito: "thinkest thou existence doth
depend on time?" [Byron].

#2. Inexistence.-- N. inexistence; nonexistence, nonsubsistence;
nonentity, nil; negativeness &c. adj.; nullity; nihility, nihilism; tabula
rasa, blank; abeyance; absence &c. 187; no such thing &c. 4; nonbeing,
nothingness, oblivion.
annihilation; extinction &c. (destruction) 162; extinguishment,
extirpation, Nirvana, obliteration.
V. not exist &c. 1; have no existence &c. 1; be null and void; cease
to exist &c.. 1; pass away, perish; be extinct, become extinct &c. adj.;
die out; disappear &c. 449; melt away, dissolve, leave not a rack behind;
go, be no more; die &c. 360.
annihilate, render null, nullify; abrogate &c.. 756; destroy &c. 162;
take away; remove &c. (displace) 185; obliterate, extirpate.
Adj. inexistent, nonexistent &c. 1; negative, blank; missing, omitted;
absent &c. 187,; insubstantial, shadowy, spectral, visionary.
unreal, potential, virtual; baseless, in nubibus; unsubstantial &c..
4; vain. unborn, uncreated, unbegotten, unconceived, unproduced, unmade.
perished, annihilated, &c. v.; extinct, exhausted, gone, lost,
vanished, departed, gone with the wind; defunct &c. (dead) 360.
fabulous, ideal &c. (imaginary) 515, supposititious &c. 514.
Adv negatively, virtually &c.. adj.
Phr. non ens.

<-- p. 1 -->

2. BEING, IN THE CONCRETE

#3. Substantiality. -- N. substantiality, hypostasis; person, being,
thing, object, article, item; something, a being, an existence; creature,
body, substance, flesh and blood, stuff , substratum; matter &c. 316;
corporeity, element, essential nature, groundwork, materiality,
substantialness, vital part.
[Totality of existences], world &c. 318; plenum.
Adj. substantive, substantial; hypostatic; personal, bodily, tangible
&c. (material) 316; corporeal.
Adv. substantially &c. adj.; bodily, essentially.

#4. Unsubstantiality. -- N. unsubstantiality, insubstantiality;
nothingness, nihility; no degree, no part, no quantity, no thing.
nothing, naught, nil, nullity, zero, cipher, no one, nobody; never a
one, ne'er a one; no such thing, none in the world; nothing whatever,
nothing at all, nothing on earth; not a particle &c.. (smallness) 32; all
talk, moonshine, stuff and nonsense; matter of no importance, matter of no
consequence. thing of naught, man of straw, John Doe and Richard Roe,
faggot voter; nominis umbra, nonentity; flash in the pan, vox et praeterea
nihil.
shadow; phantom &c.,(fallacy of vision) 443; dream &c. (imagination)
515; ignis fatuus &c.. (luminary) 423; " such stuff as dreams are made of "
[Tempest]; air, thin air, vapor; bubble &c. 353; " baseless fabric of a
vision " [Tempest]; mockery.
hollowness, blank; void &c. (absence) 187.
inanity, fool's paradise.
V. vanish, evaporate, fade, dissolve, melt away; disappear &c. 449.
Adj. unsubstantial; baseless, groundless; ungrounded; without
foundation, having no foundation.
visionary &c. (imaginary) 515; immaterial &c.. 137; spectral &c. 980;
dreamy; shadowy; ethereal, airy; cloud built, cloud formed; gossamery,
illusory, insubstantial, unreal.
vacant, vacuous; empty &c.. 187; eviscerated; blank, hollow; nominal;
null; inane.
Phr. there's nothing in it; " an ocean of dreams without a sound"
[Shelley].

3. FORMAL EXISTENCE

Internal conditions

#5. Intrinsicality.-- N. intrinsicality, inbeing, inherence, inhesion;
subjectiveness; ego; egohood; essence; essentialness &c.. adj.; essential
part, quintessence, incarnation, quiddity, gist, pith, marrow, core, sap,
lifeblood, backbone, heart, soul; important part &c.. (importance) 642.
principle, nature, constitution, character, type, quality, crasis,
diathesis.
habit; temper, temperament; spirit, humor, grain; disposition.
endowment, capacity; capability &c.. (power) 157.
moods, declensions, features, aspects; peculiarities &c. (speciality)
79; idiosyncrasy, oddity; idiocrasy &c.. (tendency) 176; diagnostics.
V. be in the blood, run in the blood; be born so; be intrinsic &c. adj.
Adj. derived from within, subjective; intrinsic, intrinsical;
fundamental, normal; implanted, inherent,.essential, natural; innate,
inborn, inbred, ingrained, inwrought; coeval with birth, genetous,
haematobious, syngenic radical, incarnate, thoroughbred, hereditary,
inherited, immanent; congenital, congenite|; connate, running in the blood;
ingenerate, ingenite|; indigenous; in the grain &c. n.; bred in the bone,
instinctive; inward, internal &c.. 221; to the manner born; virtual.
characteristic &c. (special) 79, (indicative) 550; invariable,
incurable, incorrigible, ineradicable, fixed.
Adv. intrinsically &c. adj.; at bottom, in the main, in effect,
practically, virtually, substantially, au fond; fairly.
Phr. " character is higher than intellect " [Emerson]; "come give us a
taste of your quality " [ Hamlet] magnos homines virtute metimur non
fortuna [Nepos]; non numero haec judicantur sed pondere [Cicero]; " vital
spark of heavenly flame " [Pope].

External conditions

#6. Extrinsicality.-- N. extrinsicality, objectiveness, non ego;
extraneousness &c.. 57; accident.
Adj. derived from without; objective; extrinsic, extrinsical;
extraneous &c.. (foreign) 57; modal, adventitious; ascititious,
adscititious; incidental, accidental, nonessential; contingent, fortuitous.
implanted, ingrafted; inculcated, infused.
outward &c.. (external) 220.
Adv. extrinsically &c. adj.

<-- p. 2 -->
4. MODAL EXISTENCE

Absolute
#7. State. -- N. state, condition, category, estate, lot, ease, trim,
mood, pickle, plight, temper; aspect &c. (appearance) 448, dilemma, pass,
predicament.
constitution, habitude, diathesis; frame, fabric &c. 329; stamp, set,
fit, mold, mould.
mode, modality, schesis; form &c.. (shape) 240.
tone, tenor, turn; trim, guise, fashion, light, complexion, style,
character.
V. be in a state, possess a state, enjoy a state, labor under a state
&c. n.; be on a footing, do, fare; come to pass.
Adj. conditional, modal, formal; structural, organic.
Adv. conditionally &c.. adj.; as the matter stands, as things are;
such being the case &c. 8.

Relative

#8. Circumstance. -- N. circumstance, situation, phase, position,
posture, attitude, place, point; terms; regime; footing, standing, status.
occasion, juncture, conjunctive; contingency &c. (event) 151.
predicament; emergence, emergency; exigency, crisis, pinch, pass,
push; occurrence; turning point.
bearings, how the land lies.
surroundings, context, environment 229a[TE 232]; location 184.
contingency, dependence (uncertainty) 475; causation 153, attribution
155.
Adj. circumstantial; given, conditional, provisional; critical; modal;
contingent, incidental; adventitious &c. (extrinsic) 6; limitative.
Adv. in the circumstances, under the circumstances &c.. n., the
circumstances, conditions &c. 7; thus, in such wise.
accordingly; that being the case, such being the case, in view of the
circumstances; that being so, sith, since, seeing that.
as matters stand; as things go, as times go.
conditionally, provided, if, in case; if so, if so be, if it be so;
depending on circumstances, in certain circumstances, under certain
conditions; if it so happen, if it so turn out; in the event of; in such a
contingency, in such a case, in such an event; provisionally, unless,
without.
according to circumstances, according to the occasion; as it may
happen, as it may turn out,as it may be; as the case may be, as the wind
blows; pro re nata.
Phr. " yet are my sins not those of circumstance " [Lytton].

<-- p. 3 -->

SECTION II. RELATION

. 1. ABSOLUTE RELATION
#9. Relation. -- N. relation, bearing, reference, connection,
concern,. cognation ; correlation &c. 12; analogy; similarity &c. 17;
affinity, homology, alliance, homogeneity, association; approximation &c..
(nearness) 197; filiation &c. (consanguinity) 11; interest; relevancy &c.
23; dependency, relationship, relative position.
comparison &c. 464; ratio, proportion.
link, tie, bond of union.
V. be related &c. adj.; have a relation &c. n.; relate to, refer to;
bear upon, regard, concern, touch, affect, have to do with; pertain to,
belong to, appertain to; answer to; interest.
bring into relation with, bring to bear upon; connect, associate, draw
a parallel; link &c. 43.
Adj. relative; correlative &c.. 12; cognate; relating to &c. v.;
relative to, in relation with, referable or referrible to; belonging to &c.
v.; appurtenant to, in common with.
related, connected; implicated, associated, affiliated, allied to; en
rapport, in touch with.
approximative, approximating; proportional, proportionate,
proportionable; allusive, comparable.
in the same category &c. 75; like &c. 17; relevant &c. (apt) 23;
applicable, equiparant.
Adv. relatively &c. adj.; pertinently &c. 23.
thereof; as to, as for, as respects, as regards; about; concerning &c.
v.; anent; relating to, as relates to; with relation, with reference to,
with respect to,with regard to; in respect of; while speaking of, a propos
of; in connection with; by the way, by the by; whereas; for as much as, in
as much as; in point of, as far as; on the part of, on the score of; quoad
hoc; pro re nata; under the head of &c.. (class) 75 of; in the matter of,
in re.
Phr. " thereby hangs a tale " [Taming of the Shrew].

#10. [Want, or absence of relation.] Irrelation. -- N. irrelation,
dissociation; misrelation; inapplicability; inconnection; multifariousness;
disconnection &c. (disjunction) 44; inconsequence, independence;
incommensurability; irreconcilableness &c. (disagreement) 24;
heterogeneity; unconformity &c. 83; irrelevancy, impertinence, nihil ad
rem; intrusion &c.. 24; non-pertinence.
V. have no relation to &c. 9; have no bearing upon, have no concern
with &c. 9 , have no business with; not concern &c.. 9; have no business
there, have nothing to do with,
intrude &c. 24.
bring in head and shoulders, drag in head and shoulders, lug in head
and shoulders.
Adj. irrelative, irrespective, unrelated; arbitrary; independent,
unallied; unconnected, disconnected; adrift, isolated, insular; extraneous,
strange, alien, foreign, outlandish, exotic.
not comparable, incommensurable, heterogeneous; unconformable &c. 83.
irrelevant, inapplicable; not pertinent, not to the, purpose; impertinent,
inapposite, beside the mark, a propos de bottes; aside from the purpose,,
away from the purpose,, foreign to the purpose, beside the purpose, beside
the question, beside the transaction, beside the point; misplaced &c.
(intrusive) 24; traveling out of the record.
remote, far-fetched, out of the way, forced, neither here nor there,
quite another thing; detached, segregate; disquiparant.
multifarious; discordant &c.. 24.
incidental, parenthetical, obiter dicta, episodic.
Adv. parenthetically &c. adj.; by the way, by the by; en passant,
incidentally; irrespectively &c. adj.; without reference to, without regard
to; in the abstract &c. 87; a se.

RELATIONS
#11. [Relations of kindred.] Consanguinity. -- N. consanguinity,
relationship, kindred, blood; parentage &c.. (paternity) 166; filiation,
affiliation; lineage, agnation, connection, alliance; family connection,
family tie; ties of blood; nepotism.
kinsman, kinfolk; kith and kin; relation, relative; connection; sib;
next of kin; uncle, aunt, nephew, niece; cousin, cousin-german; first
cousin, second cousin; cousin once removed, cousin twice &c. removed; near
relation, distant relation; brother, sister, one's own flesh and blood.
family, fraternity; brotherhood, sisterhood, cousinhood.
race, stock, generation; sept &c.. 166; stirps, side; strain; breed, clan,
tribe, nation.
V. be related to &c. adj. claim relationship with &c. n. with.
Adj. related, akin, consanguineous, of the blood, family, allied,
collateral; cognate, agnate, connate; kindred; affiliated; fraternal.

<-- p. 4 -->

intimately related, nearly related, closely related, remotely related,
distantly related, allied; german.

#12. [Double or reciprocal relation.] Correlation. -- N.
reciprocalness &c.. adj.; reciprocity, reciprocation; mutuality,
correlation, interdependence, connection, link, association; interchange
&c. 148; exchange, barter.
reelprocitist.
V. reciprocate, alternate; interchange &c.. 148; exchange;
counterchange.
Adj. reciprocal, mutual, commutual, correlative; alternate;
interchangeable; international; complemental, complementary.
Adv. mutatis mutandis; vice versa; each other, one another; by turns
&c. 148; reciprocally & c. adj.
Phr. " happy in our mutual help " [Milton].

#13. Identity. -- N. identity, sameness; coincidence, coalescence;
convertibility; equality &c. 27; selfness, self, oneself; identification.
monotony, tautology &c. (repetition) 104.
facsimile &c. (copy) 21; homoousia: alter ego &c. (similar) 17;
ipsissima verba &c. (exactness) 494; same; self, very , one and the same;
very thing, actual thing; real McCoy; no other; one and only; in the flesh.
V. be identical &c. adj.; coincide, coalesce, merge.
treat as the same, render the same, identical; identify; recognize
the identity of, .
Adj. identical; self, ilk; the same &c. n. selfsame, one and the same,
homoousian.
coincide, coalescent, coalescing; indistinguishable; one; equivalent
&c. (equal) 27; tweedle dee and tweedle dum; much the same, of a muchness;
unaltered. .
Adv. identically &c. adj.; on all fours.

#14. [Noncoincidence.] Contrariety. N. contrariety, contrast, foil,
antithesis, oppositeness; contradiction; antagonism &c. (opposition) 708;
clashing, repugnance.
inversion &c. 218; the opposite, the reverse, the inverse, the
converse, the antipodes, the antithesis, the other extreme.
V. be contrary &c. adj.; contrast with, oppose; diller toto coelo.
invert, reverse, turn the tables; turn topsy-turvy, turn end for end,
turn upside down, turn inside out.
contradict, contravene; antagonize &c.. 708.
Adj. contrary, contrarious, contrariant; opposite, counter, dead
against; converse, reverse; opposed, antithetical, contrasted, antipodean,
antagonistic, opposing; conflicting, inconsistent, contradictory, at cross
purposes; negative; hostile &c.. 703. differing toto coelo; diametrically
opposite; diametrically opposed; as opposite as black and white, as
opposite as light and darkness, as opposite as fire and water, as opposite
as the poles; as different as night and day; " Hyperion to a satyr"[
Hamlet]; quite the contrary, quite the reverse ;no such thing, just the
other way, tout au contraire.
Adv. contrarily &c. adj.; contra, contrariwise, per contra, on the
contrary, nay rather; vice versa; on the other hand &c. (in compensation)
30.
Phr. " all concord's born of contraries " [B. Jonson]. Thesis,
antithesis, synthesis [Marx]

#15. Difference. -- N. difference; variance, variation, variety;
diversity, dissimilarity &c.. 18; disagreement &c. 24; disparity &c.
(inequality) 28; distinction, contradistinction; alteration.
modification, permutation, moods and tenses.
nice distinction, fine distinction, delicate distinction, subtle
distinction; shade of difference, nuance; discrimination &c.. 465;
differentia.
different thing, something else, apple off another tree, another pair
of shoes; horse of a different color; this that or the other.
V. be different &c. adj.; differ, vary, ablude|, mismatch, contrast;
divaricate; differ toto coelo, differ longo intervallo.
vary, modify &c.. (change) 140.
discriminate &c. 465.
Adj. differing &c.. v.; different, diverse, heterogeneous,
multifarious, polyglot; distinguishable, dissimilar; varied, modified;
diversified, various, divers, all manner of, all kinds of; variform &c. 81;
daedal.
other, another, not the same; unequal &c. 28. unmatched; widely apart,
poles apart, distinctive, characteristic, ; discriminative; distinguishing.
Adv. differently &c. adj.
Phr. il y a fagots et fagots.

<-- p. 5 -->

2. CONTINUOUS RELATION

#16. Uniformity. -- N. uniformity; homogeneity, homogeneousness;
consistency; connaturality, connaturalness; homology; accordance;
conformity &c. 82; agreement &c. 23; consonance, uniformness. regularity,
constancy, even tenor,.routine; monotony.
V. be uniform &c. adj.; accord with &c.. 23; run through.
become uniform &c. adj.; conform to &c. 82.
render uniform, homogenize &c. adj.; assimilate, level, smooth, dress.
Adj. uniform; homogeneous, homologous;of a piece, consistent, connatural;
monotonous, even, invariable; regular, unchanged, undeviating, unvaried,
unvarying.
Adv. uniformly &c. adj.; uniformly with &c. (conformably) 82; in harmony
with &c.. (agreeing) 23.
always, invariably, without exception, without fail, unfailingly,
never otherwise; by clockwork.
Phr. ab uno disce omnes.

3. PARTIAL RELATION

#16a. [Absence or want of uniformity.] Nonuniformity. -- N. diversity,
irregularity, unevenness; multiformity &c. 81; unconformity &c. 83;
roughness &c. 256; dissimilarity, dissimilitude, divarication, divergence.
Adj. diversified varied, irregular, uneven, rough &c. 256;
multifarious; multiform &c. 81; of various kinds; all manner of, all sorts
of, all kinds of.
Adv. variously, in all manner of ways, here there and everywhere.

#17. Similarity. -- N. similarity, resemblance, likeness, similitude,
semblance; affinity, approximation, parallelism; agreement &c. 23; analogy,
analogicalness; correspondence, homoiousia, parity.
connaturalness, connaturality; brotherhood, family likeness.
alliteration, rhyme, pun.
repetition &c. 104; sameness &c. (identity) 13; uniformity &c. 16;
isogamy.
analogue; the like; match, pendant, fellow companion, pair, mate,
twin, double, counterpart, brother, sister; one's second self, alter ego,
chip of the old block, par nobile fratrum, Arcades ambo, birds of a
feather, et hoc genus omne; gens de meme famille.
parallel; simile; type &c. (metaphor) 521; image &c. (representation)
554; photograph; close resemblance, striking resemblance, speaking
resemblance, faithful likeness, faithful resemblance.
V. be similar &c. adj.; look like, resemble, bear resemblance; smack
of, savor of,; approximate; parallel, match, rhyme with; take after;
imitate &c.. 19; favor, span [U. S.].
render similar &c. adj.; assimilate, approximate, bring near;
connaturalize, make alike; rhyme, pun.
Adj. similar; resembling &c. v.; like, alike; twin.
analogous, analogical; parallel, of a piece; such as, so; homoiousian.
connatural, congener, allied to; akin to &c. (consanguineous) 1 1.
approximate, much the same, near, close, something like, sort of, in
the ballpark, such like; a show of; mock, pseudo, simulating, representing.
exact &c. (true) 494; lifelike, faithful; true to nature, true to
life, the very image, the very picture of; for all the world like, comme
deux gouttes d'eau; as like as two peas in a pod, as like as it can stare;
instar omnium, cast in the same mold, ridiculously like.
Adv. as if, so to speak; as it were, as if it were; quasi, just as,
veluti in speculum.
Phr. et sic de similibus; tel maitre tel valet; tel pere tel fils;
like master, like servant; like father, like son; the fruit doesn't fall
far from the tree; a chip off the old block

<-- p. 6 -->

#18. Dissimilarity. -- N. dissimilarity, dissimilaritude; unlikeness,
diversity, disparity, dissemblance; divergence, variation.; difference &c.
15; novelty, originality; creativeness; oogamy.
V. be unlike &c. adj.; vary &c. (differ) 15; bear no resemblance to,
differ toto coelo.
render unlike &c. adj.; vary &c. (diversify) 140.
Adj. dissimilar, unlike, disparate; divergent; of a different kind &c.
(class) 75 unmatched, unique; new, novel; unprecedented &c. 83; original.
nothing of the kind; no such thing, quite another thing; far from it,
cast in a different mold, tertium quid, as like a dock as a daisy, "very
like a whale " [Hamlet]; as different as chalk from cheese, as different
as Macedon and Monmouth; lucus a non lucendo.
diversified &c. 16a.
Adv. otherwise.
Phr. diis aliter visum; " no more like my father than I to Hercules"
[Hamlet].