Book: Roget\'s Thesaurus

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Present Events

#151. Eventuality. -- N. eventuality, event, occurrence, incident,
affair, matter, thing, episode, happening, proceeding, contingency,
juncture, experience, fact; matter of fact; naked fact, bare facts, just
the facts; phenomenon; advent.
business, concern, transaction, dealing, proceeding; circumstance,
particular, casualty, accident, adventure, passage, crisis, pass,
emergency, contingency, consequence; opportunity (occasion) 143.
the world, life, things, doings, affairs in general; things in
general, affairs in general; the times, state of affairs, order of the day;
course of things, tide of things, stream of things, current of things, run
of things, march of things, course of events; ups and downs of life,
vicissitudes of life; chapter of accidents &c. (chance) 156; situation &c.
(circumstances) 8.
V. happen, occur; take place, take effect; come, become of; come off,
comeabout, come round, come into existence, come forth, come to pass, come
on; pass, present itself; fall; fall out, turn out; run, be on foot, fall
in; befall, betide, bechance; prove, eventuate, draw on; turn up, crop up,
spring up, pop up, arise, show up, show its face, appear, come forth, cast
up; supervene, survene; issue, arrive, ensue, arise, start, hold, take its
course; pass off &c. (be past) 122.
meet with; experience, enjoy, encounter, undergo, suffer, pass
through, go through, be subjected to, be exposed to; fall to the lot of; be
one's chance, be one's fortune, be one's lot; find; ; endure &c. (feel)
821.
Adj. happening &c. v; going on, doing, current; in the wind, in the
air, afloat; on foot, afoot, on the tapis; at issue, in question;
incidental.
eventful, stirring, bustling, full of incident; memorable, momentous,
signal.
Adv. eventually; in the event of, in case, just in case; in the course
of things; as things, times go; as the world goes, wags; as the tree falls,
cat jumps; as it may turn out, happen.
Phr. that's the way the ball bounces, that's the way the cookie
crumbles; you never know what may turn up, you never know what the future
will bring; the plot thickens; "breasts the blows of circumstance"
[Tennyson]; "so runs round of life from hour to hour" [Tennyson] "sprinkled
along the waste of years" [Keble].

<-- p. 44 -->

Future Events

#152. Destiny. -- N. destiny &c. (necessity) 601; future existence,
post existence; hereafter; future state, next world, world to come, after
life; futurity &c. 121; everlasting life, everlasting death; life beyond
the grave, world beyond the grave; prospect &c. (expectation) 507.
V. impend; hang over, lie over; threaten, loom, await, come on,
approach, stare one in the face; foreordain, preordain; predestine, doom,
have in store for.
Adj. impending &c. v.; destined; about to be, happen; coming, in
store, to come, going to happen, instant, at hand, near; near, close at
hand; over hanging, hanging over one's head, imminent; brewing, preparing,
forthcoming; int he wind, on the cards, in reserve; that will, is to be; in
prospect &c. (expected) 507; looming in the distance, horizon, future;
unborn, in embryo; int he womb of time, futurity; pregnant &c. (producing)
161.
Adv. in time, the long run; all in good time; eventually &c. 151;
whatever may happen &c. (certainly) 474; as chance &c. 156 would have it.

SECTION VIII. CAUSATION

1. CONSTANCY OF SEQUENCE IN EVENTS

#153. [Constant antecedent]. Cause.-- N. cause, origin, source,
principle, element; occasioner, prime mover, primum mobile; vera causa;
author &c. (producer) 164; mainspring; agent; leaven; groudwork, foundation
&c. (support) 215.
spring, fountain, well, font; fountainhead, spring head, wellhead;
fons et origo, genesis; descent &c. (paternity) 166; remote cause;
influence.
pivot, hinge, turning point, lever, crux, fulcrum; key; proximate
cause, causa causans; straw that breaks the camel's back.
ground; reason, reason why; why and wherefore, rationale, occasion,
derivation; final cause &c. (intention) 620; les dessous des cartes;
undercurrents.
rudiment. egg, germ, embryo, bud, root, radix radical, etymon,
nucleus, seed, stem, stock, stirps, trunk, tap-root, gemmule, radicle,
semen, sperm.
nest, cradle, nursery, womb, nidus, birthplace, hotbed.
causality, causation; origination; production &c. 161.
V. be the cause &c. n of; originate; give origin to, give rise, to,
give occasion to; cause, occasion, sow the seeds of, kindle, suscitate;
bring on, bring to bring pass, bring about; produce; create &c. 161; set
up, set afloat, set on foot; found, broach, institute, lay the foundation
of; lie at the root of.
procure, induce, draw down, open the door to, superinduce, evoke,
entail, operate; elicit, provoke.
conduce to &c. (tend to) 176; contribute; have a hand in the pie, have
a finger in the pie; determine, decide, turn the scale; have a common
origin; derive its origin &c. (effect) 154.
Adj. caused &c. v; causal, original; primary, primitive, primordial;
aboriginal; protogenal; radical; embryonic, embryotic; in embryo, in ovo;
seminal, germinal; at the bottom of; connate, having a common origin.
Adv. because &c. 155; behind the scenes.
Phr. causa latet vis est notissima [Ovid]; felix qui potuit rerum
cognoscere causas [Vergil].

<-- p. 45 -->

#154. [Constant sequent.] Effect.-- N. effect, consequence;
aftergrowth, aftercome; derivative, derivation; result; resultant,
resultance; upshot, issue, denouement; end &c. 67; development, outgrowth,
fruit, crop, harvest, product, bud.
production, produce, work, handiwork, fabric, performance; creature,
creation; offspring, offshoot; firstfruits, firstlings; heredity, telegony;
premices premises.
V. be the effect of &c. n. ; be due to,be owing to; originate in,
originate from; rise -, arise, take its rise spring from, proceed from,
emanate from, come from, grow from, bud from, sprout from, germinate from,
issue from, flow from ,result from , follow from, derive its origin from,
accrue from; come to, come of, come out of; depend upon, hang upon, hinge
upon, turn upon.
take the consequences, sow the wind and reap the whirlwind.
Adj. owing to; resulting from &c. v.; derivable from; due to; caused
by &c. 153; ; dependent upon; derived from, evolved from; derivative;
hereditary; telegonous.
Adv. of course, it follows that, naturally, consequently; as a
consequence, in consequence; through, all along of, necessarily,
eventually.
Phr. cela va sans dire, "thereby hangs a tale" [Taming of the Shrew].

#155. [Assignment of cause] Attribution -- N. attribution, theory,
etiology, ascription, reference to, rationale; accounting for &c. v,;
palaetiology1, imputation, derivation from.
filiation, affiliation; pedigree &c. (paternity) 166.
explanation &c. (interpretation) 522; reason why &c. (cause) 153.
V. attribute to, ascribe to, impute to, refer to, lay to, point to,
trace to, bring home to; put down to, set down to, blame; charge on,
ground on; invest with, assign as cause, lay at, the door of, father upon;
account for, derive from, point out the reason &c. 153; theorize; tell how
it comes; put the saddle on the right horse.
Adj. attributed &c. v.; attributable &c. v.; referable to, referible
to, due to, derivable from; owing to &c. (effect) 154; putative; ecbatic.
Adv. hence, thence, therefore, for, since, on account of, because,
owing to; on that account; from this cause, from that cause; thanks to,
forasmuch as; whence, propter hoc.
why? wherefore? whence? how comes it, how is it, how happens it? how
does it happen?
in some way, in some such way; somehow, somehow or other.
Phr. that is why; hinc illae lachrymae [Horace].
-----------------------------------------------------------
1. Whewell History of the inductive Sciences, book xviii vol. iii.p.
397 (3d edit.).
2 The word Chance has two distinct meanings: the first, the absence
of assignable cause, as above; and the second, the absence of design -- for
the latter see 621.

#156. [Absence of assignable cause.] Chance. 2 -- N. chance,
indetermination, accident, fortune, hazard, hap, haphazard, chance medley,
random, luck, raccroc, casualty, contingence, adventure, hit; fate &c.
(necessity) 601; equal chance; lottery; tombola; toss up &c. 621; turn of
the table, turn of the cards; hazard of the die, chapter of accidents,
fickle finger of fate; cast of the dice, throw of the dice; heads or tails,
flip of a coin, wheel of Fortune; sortes, sortes Virgilianae.
probability, possibility, odds; long odds, run of luck;
accidentalness; main chance, odds on, favorable odds.
contingency, dependence (uncertainty) 475; situation (circumstance) 8.
statistics, theory of Probabilities, theory of Chances; bookmaking;
assurance; speculation, gaming &c. 621.
V. chance, hap, turn up; fall to one's lot; be one's -fate &c. 601;
stumble on light upon; take one's chance &c. 621.
Adj. casual, fortuitous, accidental, adventitious, causeless,
incidental, contingent, uncaused, undetermined, indeterminate; random,
statistical; possible &c. 470; unintentional &c. 621.
Adv. by chance, accidentally, by accident; casually; perchance &c.
(possibly) 470; for aught one knows; as good would have it, as bad would
have it, as luck would have it, as ill-luck would have it, as chance would
have it; as it may be, as it may chance, as it may turn up, as it may
happen; as the case may be.
Phr. " grasps the skirts of happy chance " [Tennyson]; " the accident
of an accident " [Lord Thurlow]. "There but for the grace of God go I."

<-- p. 46 -->

2. CONNECTION BETWEEN CAUSE AND EFFECT

#157. Power.-- N. power; potency, potentiality; jiva; puissance,
might, force, energy &c. 171; dint; right hand, right arm; ascendency,
sway, control; prepotency, prepollence|; almightiness, omnipotence;
authority &c. 737; strength &c. 159.
ability; ableness &c. adj.; competency; efficacy; efficiency;
validity, cogency; enablement; vantage ground; influence &c. 175.
pressure; conductivity; elasticity; gravity, electricity, magnetism,
galvanism, voltaic electricity, voltaism, electromagnetism; attraction;
vis inertiae, vis mortua, vis viva [Latin]; potential energy, dynamic
energy; dynamic friction, dynamic suction; live circuit, live rail, live
wire.
capability, capacity; quid valeant humeri quid ferre recusent [Latin];
faculty, quality, attribute, endowment, virtue, gift, property,
qualification, susceptibility.
V. be powerful &c. adj.; gain power &c. n.
belong to, pertain to; lie in one's power, be in one's power; can.
give power, confer power, exercise power &c. n.; empower, enable,
invest; indue, endue; endow, arm; strengthen &c. 159; compel &c. 744.
Adj. powerful, puissant; potential; capable, able; equal to, up to;
cogent, valid; efficient; effective, effectual, efficacious, adequate,
competent; multipotent, plenipotent, omnipotent; almighty.
forcible &c. adj. (energetic) 171; influential &c. 175; productive &c.
168.
Adv. powerfully &c. adj.; by virtue of, by dint of.
Phr. a toute force; ; eripuit
coelo fulmen sceptrumque tyrannis [Latin]; fortis cadere cedere non potest
[Latin].

#158. Impotence.-- N. impotence; inability, disability; disablement,
impuissance, imbecility; incapacity, incapability; inaptitude, ineptitude,
incompetence; indocility; invalidity, disqualification; inefficiency.
telum imbelle, brutum fulmen, blank, blank cartridge, flash in the
pan, vox et proeterea nihil, dead letter, bit of waste paper, dummy;
Quaker gun.
inefficacy &c. (inutility) 645; failure &c. 732.
helplessness &c. adj.; prostration, paralysis, palsy, apoplexy,
syncope, sideration|, deliquium|, collapse, exhaustion, softening of the
brain, inanition; emasculation, orchotomy.
cripple, old woman, muff, mollycoddle.
V. be impotent &c. adj.; not have a leg to stand on.
vouloir rompre l'anguille au genou [French], vouloir prendre la lune
avec les dents [French].
collapse, faint, swoon, fall into a swoon, drop; go by the board, end
in smoke &c. (fail) 732.
render powerless &c. adj.; deprive of power; disable, disenable;
disarm, incapacitate, disqualify, unfit, invalidate, deaden, cramp, tie the
hands; double up, prostrate, paralyze, muzzle, cripple, becripple, maim,
lame, hamstring, draw the teeth of; throttle, strangle, garrotte, garrote;
ratten, silence, sprain, clip the wings of, put hors de combat, spike the
guns; take the wind out of one's sails, scotch the snake, put a spoke in
one's wheel; break the neck, break the back; unhinge, unfit; put out of
gear.
unman, unnerve, enervate; emasculate, castrate, geld, alter.
shatter, exhaust, weaken &c. 160.
Adj. powerless, impotent, unable, incapable, incompetent;
innefficient, ineffective; inept; unfit, unfitted; unqualified,
disqualified; unendowed; inapt, unapt; crippled, disabled &c. v.; armless.
harmless, unarmed, weaponless, defenseless, sine ictu, unfortified,
indefensible, vincible, pregnable, untenable.
paralytic, paralyzed; palsied, imbecile; nerveless, sinewless,
marrowless, pithless, lustless; emasculate, disjointed; out of joint, out
of gear; unnerved, unhinged; water-logged, on one's beam ends, rudderless;
laid on one's back; done up, dead beat, exhausted, shattered, demoralized;
graveled &c. (in difficulty) 704; helpless, unfriended, fatherless; without
a leg to stand on, hors de combat, laid on the shelf.
null and void, nugatory, inoperative, good for nothing; ineffectual
&c. (failing) 732; inadequate &c. 640; inefficacious &c. (useless) 645.
Phr. der kranke Mann; "desirous still but impotent to rise"
[Shenstone].

<-- p. 47 -->

#159. [Degree of power.] Strength.-- N. strength; power &c. 157;
energy &c. 171; vigor, force; main force, physical force, brute force;
spring, elasticity, tone, tension, tonicity.
stoutness &c. adj.; lustihood, stamina, nerve, muscle, sinew, thews
and sinews, physique; pith, pithiness; virtility, vitality.
athletics, athleticism; gymnastics, feats of strength.
adamant, steel, iron, oak, heart of oak; iron grip; grit, bone.
athlete, gymnast, acrobat; superman, Atlas, Hercules, Antaeus, Samson,
Cyclops, Goliath; tower of strength; giant refreshed.
strengthening &c. v.; invigoration, refreshment, refocillation.
[Science of forces] dynamics, statics.
V. be strong &c. adj., be stronger; overmatch.
render strong &c. adj.; give strength &c. n.; strengthen, invigorate,
brace, nerve, fortify, sustain, harden, case harden, steel, gird; screw up,
wind up, set up; gird up one's loins, brace up one's loins; recruit, set on
one's legs; vivify; refresh &c. 689; refect; reenforce &c. (restore) 660.
Adj. strong, mighty, vigorous, forcible, hard, adamantine, stout,
robust, sturdy, hardy, powerful, potent, puissant, valid.
resistless, irresistible, invincible, proof against, impregnable,
unconquerable, indomitable, dominating, inextinguishable, unquenchable;
incontestable; more than a match for; overpowering, overwhelming; all
powerful, all sufficient; sovereign.
able-bodied; athletic; Herculean, Cyclopean, Atlantean; muscular,
brawny, wiry, well-knit, broad-shouldered, sinewy, strapping, stalwart,
gigantic.
manly, man-like, manful; masculine, male, virile.
unweakened, unallayed, unwithered, unshaken, unworn, unexhausted; in
full force, in full swing; in the plenitude of power.
stubborn, thick-ribbed, made of iron, deep-rooted; strong as a lion,
strong as a horse, strong as brandy; sound as a roach; in fine feather, in
high feather; like a giant refreshed.
Adv. strongly &c. adj.; by force &c. n.; by main force & c. (by
compulsion) 744.
Phr. "our withers are unwrung" [Hamlet].
Blut und Eisen; coelitus mihi vires; du fort au diable; en habiles
gens; ex vi termini; flecti non frangi; "he that wrestles with us
strengthens our nerves and sharpens our skill" [Burke]; "inflexible in
faith invincible in arms" [Beattie].

<-- p. 48 -->

#160. Weakness.-- N. weakness &c. adj.; debility, atony, relaxation,
languor, enervation; impotence &c. 158; infirmity; effeminacy, feminality;
fragility, flaccidity; inactivity &c. 683.
anaemia, bloodlessness, deficiency of blood, poverty of blood.
declension of strength, loss of strength, failure of strength;
delicacy, invalidation, decrepitude, asthenia, adynamy, cachexy, cachexia,
sprain, strain.
reed, thread, rope of sand, house of cards.
softling, weakling; infant &c. 129; youth &c. 127.
V. be weak &c. adj.; drop, crumble, give way, totter, tremble, shake,
halt, limp, fade, languish, decline, flag, fail, have one leg in the grave.
render weak &c. adj.; weaken, enfeeble, debilitate, shake, deprive of
strength, relax, enervate, eviscerate; unbrace, unnerve; cripple, unman &c.
(render powerless) 158; cramp, reduce, sprain, strain, blunt the edge of;
dilute, impoverish; decimate; extenuate; reduce in strength, reduce the
strength of; mettre de l'eau dans son vin.
Adj. weak, feeble, debile|; impotent &c. 158; relaxed, unnerved, &c.
v.; sapless, strengthless, powerless; weakly, unstrung, flaccid, adynamic,
asthenic; nervous.
soft, effeminate, feminate, womanly.
frail, fragile, shattery; flimsy, unsubstantial, gimcrack,
gingerbread; rickety, cranky; craichy; drooping, tottering &c. v.; broken,
lame, withered, shattered, shaken, crazy, shaky; palsied &c. 158; decrepit.
languid, poor, infirm; faint, faintish; sickly &c. (disease) 655;
dull, slack, evanid|, spent, short-winded, effete; weather-beaten; decayed,
rotten, worn, seedy, languishing, wasted, washy, laid low, pulled down, the
worse for wear.
unstrengthened &c. 159, unsupported, unaided, unassisted; aidless,
defenseless &c. 158.
on its last legs; weak as a child, weak as a baby, weak as a chicken,
weak as a cat, weak as a rat; weak as water, weak as water gruel, weak as
gingerbread, weak as milk and water; colorless &c. 429.
Phr. non sum qualis eram.

3. POWER IN OPERATION

#161. Production.-- N. {ant. 162, 158} production, creation,
construction, formation, fabrication, manufacture; building, architecture,
erection, edification; coinage; diaster; organization; nisus formativus;
putting together &c. v.; establishment; workmanship, performance;
achievement &c. (completion) 729.
flowering, fructification; inflorescence.
bringing forth &c. v.: parturition, birth, birth-throe, childbirth,
delivery, confinement, accouchement, travail, labor, midwifery, obstetrics;
geniture; gestation &c. (maturation) 673; assimilation; evolution,
development, growth; entelechy; fertilization, gemination, germination,
heterogamy, genesis, generation, epigenesis, procreation, progeneration,
propagation; fecundation, impregnation; albumen &c. 357.
spontaneous generation; archegenesis, archebiosis; biogenesis,
abiogenesis, digenesis, dysmerogenesis, eumerogenesis, heterogenesis,
oogenesis, merogenesis, metogenesis, monogenesis, parthenogenesis,
homogenesis, xenogenesis1; authorship, publication; works, oeuvre.
biogeny, dissogeny, xenogeny; tocogony, vacuolization.
edifice, building, structure, fabric, erection, pile, tower, flower,
fruit.
V. produce, perform, operate, do, make, gar, form, construct,
fabricate, frame, contrive, manufacture; weave, forge, coin, carve, chisel;
build, raise, edify, rear, erect, put together, set up, run up; establish,
constitute, compose, organize, institute; achieve, accomplish &c.
(complete) 729.
flower, bear fruit, fructify, teem, ean, yean, farrow, drop, pup,
kitten, kindle; bear, lay, whelp, bring forth, give birth to, lie in, be
brought to bed of, evolve, pullulate, usher into the world.
make productive &c. 168; create; beget, get, generate, fecundate,
impregnate; procreate, progenerate, propagate; engender; bring into being,
call into being, bring into existence; breed, hatch, develop, bring up.
induce, superinduce; suscitate|; cause &c. 153; acquire &c. 775.
Adj. produced, producing &c. v.; productive of; prolific &c. 168;
creative; formative, genetic, genial, genital; pregnant; enceinte, big
with, fraught with; in the family way, teeming, parturient, in the straw,
brought to bed of; puerperal, puerperous.
digenetic, heterogenetic, oogenetic, xenogenetic; ectogenous, gamic,
haematobious, sporogenous, sporophorous.
architectonic.
Phr. ex nihilo nihil; fiat lux; materiam superabat opus [Ovid]; nemo
dat quod non habet [Latin].

#162. [Nonproduction.] Destruction.-- N. {ant. 161} destruction;
waste, dissolution, breaking up; diruption, disruption; consumption;
disorganization.
fall, downfall, ruin, peridition, crash, eboulement, smash, havoc,
delabrement, debacle; break down, break up, fall apart; prostration;
desolation, bouleversement, wreck, wrack, shipwreck, cataclysm; washout.
extinction, annihilation; destruction of life &c. 361; knock-down
blow; doom, crack of doom.
destroying &c. v.; demolition, demolishment; overthrow, subversion,
suppression; abolition &c. (abrogation) 756; biblioclasm; sacrifice;
ravage, devastation, razzia; incendiarism; revolution &c. 146; extirpation
&c. (extraction) 301; commencement de la fin, road to ruin; dilapidation
&c. (deterioration) 659; sabotage.
V. be destroyed &c.; perish; fall to the ground; tumble, topple; go to
pieces, fall to pieces; break up; crumble to dust; go to the dogs, go to
the wall, go to smash, go to shivers, go to wreck, go to pot, go to wrack
and ruin; go by the board, go all to smash; be all over, be all up, be all
with; totter to its fall.
destroy; do away with, make away with; nullify; annual &c. 756;
sacrifice, demolish; tear up; overturn, overthrow, overwhelm; upset,
subvert, put an end to; seal the doom of, do in, do for, dish*, undo; break
up, cut up; break down, cut down, pull down, mow down, blow down, beat
down; suppress, quash, put down, do a job on; cut short, take off, blot
out; dispel, dissipate, dissolve; consume.
smash, crash, quell, squash, squelch, crumple up, shatter, shiver;
batter to pieces, tear to pieces, crush to pieces, cut to pieces, shake to
pieces, pull to pieces, pick to pieces; laniate; nip; tear to rags, tear to
tatters; crush to atoms, knock to atoms; ruin; strike out; throw over,
knock down over; fell, sink, swamp, scuttle, wreck, shipwreck, ingulf,
submerge; lay in ashes, lay in ruins; sweep away, erase, wipe out, expunge,
raze; level with the dust, level with the ground.
deal destruction, lay waste, ravage gut; disorganize; dismantle &c.
(render useless) 645; devour, swallow up, desolate, devastate, sap, mine,
blast, bomb, blow to smithereens, drop the big one, confound; exterminate,
extinguish, quench, annihilate; snuff out, put out, stamp out, trample out;
lay in the dust, trample in the dust; prostrate; tread under foot; crush
under foot, trample under foot; lay the ax to the root of; make short work
of, make clean sweep of, make mincement of; cut up root and branch, chop
into pieces; fling to the winds, scatter to the winds; throw overboard;
strike at the root of, sap the foundations of, spring a mine, blow up,
ravage with fire and sword; cast to the dogs; eradicate &c. 301.
Adj. destroyed & c. v.; perishing &c. v.; trembling to its fall,
nodding to its fall, tottering to its fall; in course of -destruction &c.
n.; extinct; all-destroying, all-devouring, all-engulfing.
destructive, subversive, ruinous, incendiary, deletory|; destroying
&c. n. suicidal; deadly &c. (killing) 361.
Adv. with crushing effect, with a sledge hammer.
Phr. delenda est Carthago; dum Roma deliberat Saguntum perit; ecrasez
l'infame [Voltaire].

<-- p. 49 -->

#163. Reproduction.-- N. reproduction, renovation; restoration &c.
660; renewal; new edition, reprint, revival, regeneration, palingenesis,
revivication; apotheosis; resuscitation, reanimation, resurrection,
reappearance; regrowth; Phoenix.
generation &c. (production) 161; multiplication.
V. reproduce; restore &c. 660; revive, renovate, renew, regenerate,
revivify, resuscitate, reanimate, refashion, stir the embers, put into the
crucible; multiply, repeat; resurge.
crop up, spring up like mushrooms.
Adj. reproduced &c. v.; renascent, reappearing; reproductive;
suigenetic.

#164. Producer.-- N. producer, originator, inventor, author, founder,
generator, mover, architect, creator, prime mover; maker &c. (agent) 690;
prime mover.

#165. Destroyer.-- N. destroyer &c. (destroy &c. 162); cankerworm &c.
(bane) 663; assassin &c. (killer) 361; executioner &c. (punish) 975;
biblioclast, eidoloclast, iconoclast, idoloclast; nihilist.

#166. Paternity.-- N. paternity; parentage; consanguinity &c. 11.
parent; father, sire, dad, papa, paterfamilias, abba; genitor,
progenitor, procreator; ancestor; grandsire, grandfather; great-
grandfather; fathership, fatherhood; mabap.
house, stem, trunk, tree, stock, stirps, pedigree, lineage, line,
family, tribe, sept, race, clan; genealogy, descent, extraction, birth,
ancestry; forefathers, forbears, patriarchs.
motherhood, maternity; mother, dam, mamma, materfamilias, grandmother.
Adj. paternal, parental; maternal; family, ancestral, linear,
patriarchal.
Phr. avi numerantur avorum; "happy he with such a mother" [Tennyson];
hombre bueno no le busquen abolengo; philosophia stemma non inspicit
[Seneca].