Book: The Fight For The Republic in China

B >> Bertram Lenox Putnam Weale >> The Fight For The Republic in China




4th OUTER MONGOLIA

The world is more or less acquainted with the events in Urga in
December, 1911, and the proclamation of independence of Outer Mongolia
with Jetsun Dampa Hutukhtu as its ruler. By the Russo-Chinese
Declaration of November 5, 1913, and the Tripartite Convention of
Kiakhta of 1914 China has re-established her suzerainty over Outer
Mongolia and obtained the acknowledgment that it forms a part of the
Chinese territory. There remains the demarcation of boundary between
Inner and Outer Mongolia which will take place shortly, and the
outstanding question of the status of Tannu Uriankhai where Russia is
lately reported to be subjecting the inhabitants to Russian jurisdiction
and expelling Chinese traders.

The Tannu Uriankhai lands, according to the Imperial Institutes of the
Tsing Dynasty, were under the control of the Tartar General of
Uliasutai, the Sain Noin Aimak, the Jasaktu Khan Aimak and the Jetsun
Dampa Hutkhta, and divided into forty-eight somons (tsoling).
Geographically, according to the same authority, Tannu Uriankhai is
bounded on the north by Russia, east by Tushetu Khan Aimak, west by the
various aimaks of Kobdo, and south by Jasaktu Khan Aimak. By a Joint
Demarcation Commission in 1868 the Russo Chinese boundary in respect to
Uriankhai was demitted and eight wooden boundary posts were erected to
mark their respective frontiers.

In 1910, however, a Russian officer removed and burnt the boundary post
at Chapuchi Yalodapa. The matter was taken up by the then Waiwupu with
the Russian Minister. He replied to the effect that the limits of
Uriankhai were an unsettled question and the Russian Government would
not entertain the Chinese idea of taking independent steps to remark the
boundary or to replace the post and expressed dissatisfaction with the
work of the Joint Demarcation Commission of 1868, a dissatisfaction
which would seem to be somewhat tardily expressed, to say the least. The
case was temporarily dropped on account of the secession of Uliasutai
from China in the following year.

While Uriankhai forms part of Autonomous Outer Mongolia, yet since Outer
Mongolia is under China's suzerainty, and its territory is expressly
recognized to form part of that of China, China cannot look on with
indifference to any possible cession of territory by Outer Mongolia to
Russia. Article 3 of the Kaikhta Agreement, 1915, prohibiting Outer
Mongolia from concluding treaties with foreign powers respecting
political and territorial questions acknowledges China's right to
negotiate and make such treaties. It is the firm intention of the
Chinese Government to maintain its territorial integrity basing its case
on historical records, on treaty rights and finally on the principle of
nationality. It is notorious that the Mongols will be extremely
unwilling to see Uriankhai incorporated into the Russian Empire. While
Russia is spending countless lives and incalculable treasure in fighting
for the sacred principle of nationality in Europe, we cannot believe
that the will deliberately violate the same principle in Asia.




INDEX


Abdication Edict of 1912, text of
Absolutism, the myth of
Agreement between the Revolutionary Party and Europe and Asia Trading Co.
America drops out of the Six-Power group
American press agents
treaty opening Korea
America's Chinese policy
Anglo-Japanese treaty
Annuity of Manchu Imperial Family
Antung-Mukden railway
Ariga, Dr.
Army Reorganization Council
"Articles of Favourable Treatment for the Manchus"
text of

Babachapu
Bannerman families
Belgian loan, the
Syndicate
Black Dragon Society, the
memorandum of
Black Dragon Society's review of European war issues
Boycott on Japanese commerce
Boxer Indemnities postponed
rebellion, the
and European intervention
British policies in China
position towards the Yuan Shih-kai regime

Cambaluc of Marco Polo, the
Canton province
Cassini Convention, the
Catholic, Roman, controversies
Central Government, organization of
Chang Cheng-wu, Gen.
execution of
Chang Chih-tung
Chang Hsun, Gen.
Chang Kuo-kan
Chang Tso-lin, Gen.
Chang, Tsung-hsiang
Chang Yao Ching and the Europe
and Asia Trading Co.
Chen Yi, Gen.
Chengchiatun incident, the
Chekiang revolts against Yuan Shih-kai
Chia Ching, emperor
Chiang Chao-tsung, Gen.
Chiang Chun, the
Ch'ien Lung, emperor
Chih Fa Chu, or Military Court, at Pekin
Chihli province
China,
and her foreign residents
and the Foreign Powers, outstanding
cases between
and the German submarine war
considers war with Germany
declares war against Germany
China's,
break with Germany, causes leading to
economics, weakness of
financial reorganization
future in Manchuria
Imperial Government, negativeness
disguised
indignation at Japan's ultimatum
note to Germany severing relations
neutrality position
new regime
passivity
polity, principles of
protest against submarine war
reception of Wilson's Peace note
reply to Demands of Japan
reply to Japan's ultimatum
reply to President Wilson
tariff question
Chinese army,
German trained
boycott of the French
intrigues in Korea
Ching, Prince
Chino-Japanese,
relations
secret alliance proposed
treaties of 1915, text of
Chinputang, the (Progressives)
_Chou An Hui_ (Society for the Preservation of Peace)
Chow Tzu-chi
Chu Chi-chun's telegram devising plans for electing Yuan Shih-kai as
Emperor
Ch'un, Prince Regent
Chungking, open port
Clausewitz, war-principle of
Conference of Governors on the war question
Confucian worship re-established by Yuan Shih-kai
Conquest,
Manchu, of XVIIth Century
Mongol, of XIIIth Century
Consolidating national debt
Constitution,
first granted in Japan
Permanent, work on
"Constitutional Compact"
of Yuan Shih-kai
text of
monarchy planned
Continental quadrilateral, the, of Japan
_Coup d'etat_, the, of Sept., 1898
_Coup d'etat_, the parliamentary of 1913
Crisp, Birch, attempts to float loan

Dane, Sir Richard
Death of Empress Lun Yi
Decree cancelling the Empire
Defence of the monarchial movement,
by Yang Tu
by Dr. Goodnow
_Dementi_, 1913, of Yuan Shih-kai
Diet of Japan, first summoned
Diplomatic relations with China broken
Distance in China, philosophy of

Eastern Asia, contestants for land-power in
Election,
of 1913
of Yuan Shih-kai as emperor, machinery of
the, of 1915
records ordered burnt
Electoral College, provision for
Emperor,
analysis of powers of
Chia Ching
Ch'ien Lung
Hsiaouri
Hsuan Tung
K'ang-hsi
Kwanghsu
Emperors, immurement of in Forbidden City
Empire, the dissolution of
Empress,
Lun Yi, death of
Tsu Hsi
Europe and Asia Trading Co., the
European War,
the, its effect in China
China's predilection for Teutonism
consideration of war-partnership with the Allies
Japan's opposition
German propaganda
Pres. Wilson's Peace Note
China's reply
the submarine question
note to Germany
reply to
America
Chinese diplomacy enters a new field
Japan's policies
China considers breaking diplomatic relations with Germany
Parliament's action
Germany's reply to China's note
diplomatic relations severed
German Minister leaves Pekin
Liang Ch'i-chao's Memorandum
Kang Yu-wei's Memorandum
Cabinet decides on war
interpellation to the Government
Parliament mobbed
Cabinet resigns
Japan's subterranean activities
note of the United States
war against Germany declared
Europeans failed to recognize true state of Chinese government

Feng Kuo-chang, Gen.
Fengtien, Manchurian province
Feudal organization of Japan
Finance,
between the provinces
the binding chain between provincial
and metropolitan China
Financial troubles
Foochow arsenal
Forbidden City, immurement of emperors in
Foreign Debt Commission
intervention threatened
loan, the first
loans
Foreigners in China, position of
Four-Power group, the
France's status after the war
Franco-Belgian Syndicate
French,
diplomacy in China
Republic, Goodnow review of
the, and the Lao-hsi-kai dispute
the, Chinese boycott of
Fuhkien province

German,
Boxer indemnity
diplomatic relations broken
minister leaves Pekin
negotiations with Yuan Shih-kai
propaganda in China
reply to China's protest
war declaration considered
Germany, war against declared
Germany's status after the war
Goodnow, Dr.
legal adviser of Yuan Shih-kai
memorandum of
Gordon, General
Government, the Central, definition of
Governmental system of the Manchu dynasty
Great Britain's status after the war

Hankow editor flogged to death
Hangchow, open port
Hanyang arsenal
Hanyehping Company, the
Heilungchiang, Manchurian province
Hioki, Dr., Japanese Minister
Hsianfu flight, the
Hsaiochan camp, the
Division, the
Hsiaowu, emperor
Hsuan Tung,
boy emperor
enthroned
_Huai Chun_, the
Huang Hsin
Hutuktu, the Living Buddha of Urga

Imperial Clan Society
Imperialist-Republican conflict of 1917
Inner Mongolia, political unrest in
Insurrection of the "White Wolfs"
International Debt Commission
financial contests
Interpellation to the government on
the question of war with Germany
Ito, Prince

Japan,
and Korea
and the Kiaochow campaign
demands participation in loan
demands the Kiaochow territory from Germany
feudal organization of
first Diet summoned
forced to revise the Twenty-one Demands
forecasts result of European War
formation of the Shogunate in
inquires as to the monarchial movement
militarism in
receives fugitive President Li Yuan-hung
recognizes Yuan Shih-kai as Dictator
socialism in
the new Far Eastern policy after Russian war
Japan-China secret alliance proposed
Japanese,
Constitution first granted
driven from Tong Kwan Palace
incident at Chengchiatun
intrigues
Liberalism vs. Imperialism
merchants and Lun Yat Sen, alleged secret agreement
war indemnity
war of 1894
Japan's,
activities in the Yangtsze Valley
account of the Chengchiatun incident
alarm at the Chinese revolution
animosity towards Yuan Shih-kai
attitude toward Yuan Shih-kai
Chinese policy
"Continental quadrilateral"
Doctrine of Maximum Pressure
Far East activities
German policy
government foundry at Wakamatsu
influence in China on European war question
influence on the monarchial election
influence over China's war measures
original Twenty-one Demands
Pekin Expeditionary Force
police rights in Manchuria
political history
pressure on Yuan Shih-kai
subterranean activities in China in 1916
ultimatum to China, 88-91; China's reply
ultimatum, China's indignation at
Twenty-four Demands
Jehol, mountain palaces of
Jung Lu, viceroy of Chihli

Kameio Nishihara
Kang Yu Wei
K'ang-hsi, emperor
Kato, Japanese Viscount
Kawasaki Kulanoske
Kiaochow campaign,
unpopularity of, in Japan
demanded by Japan
Kirin, Manchurian province
Kirin-Changchun railway
Kiushiu, island of
Ko-lao-hui, the, origin of
Korea, the opening of
Korean question, the
_Kowshing_, British steamer, sinking of
Kublai Khan
Kueichow province, revolt of
Kuomingtang, the
Kuo-ti,
the question of
Kwanghsu, emperor
Kwangsi province, revolt of
Kwangtung revolts against Yuan Shih-kai
Lansdowne, Lord
Lao-hsi-kai dispute, the
Legations in Pekin,
their attitude towards Yuan Shih-kai
inquire as to the monarchial movement
Li Hung Chang
Li Lieh-chun, Gen.
Li Yuan-hung
elected President
assumes the office
first presidential acts
monarchists plot against him
his early life and career
his position as to breaking diplomatic relations with Germany
he dissolves Parliament
escapes from Pekin
his important telegrams
Liang Ch'i-chao,
resigns from Ministry of Justice
his accusation of Yuan Shih-kai
his address to Yuan Shih-kai
opposes the movement
directs the Yunnan revolt
writes note to Germany on the submarine war
his Memorandum on the war question
upholds the Republic
Liang Shih-yi, political power of
_Likin_ taxation, introduction of
Liu-Kuan-hsiung
Loan Agreement,
details of
first foreign
foreign, struggles over
Local Government Law, draft of
Lu Yun Ting, Gen.
Lun Yi, empress, death of
Lung Chi-Kwang, Gen.
created Prince
Lung Yu, Empress
Mahommedan rebellions
Manchu conquest, the,
of XVIIth Century
dynasty, governmental system of
plots against
Imperial Family annuity
people, number and distribution
Manchuria,
Chinese domination of
Japan's intrigues in
Manchurian policy of the Twenty-One
Demands
Mandate of Cancellation,
the
Yuan Shih-kai's last
Manifesto of Gen. Tuan Chi-jui
Marco Polo
Marriage, immunity of Chinese women,
with Manchus
Meiji, Japanese Emperor
Memorandum,
of Dr. Goodnow
of policy of the Black Dragon Society
on Tariff Revision, draft of
Militarism in Japan
Military Governors,
independence of
attempt to coerce Parliament
leave Pekin
assemble in rebellion at Tientsin
party opposition to New Republic
Mining privileges demanded by Japan
Ministerial irresponsibility
Modern commercialism, invasion of
Monarchial movement,
Yang Tu's defence of
Dr. Goodnow's defence of
Monarchy adopts a new calendar
Monarchy vs. Republicanism, memorandum
by Dr. Goodnow
Monetary confusion in the new Republic
Money the bond of Chinese union
Mongol conquest, the, of XIIIth Century
Mongolian policy of the Twenty-one Demands
Nanking
Conference, the
Delegates
Provisional Constitution
National debt, consolidation of
Salvation Fund
Nationalists, the (Kuomingtang)
New calendar adopted
New Republic,
organization of
opposition of the Military party
Neutrality position of China
Ni Shih-chung, Gen.
Nineteen Articles, the, text of
Fundamental Articles, the

Oath of office, presidential
Outer Mongolia question
autonomy conceded to

"Palace of Generals"
Pamphlet of Yang Tu
Parliament,
composition of
provides for election of President
Radical members unseated
session of 1916
dissensions over dissolution
is dissolved
Parliamentary,
change by the "Constitutional Compact"
struggles
Peace note, President Wilson's, China's
reply to
Peace of Portsmouth
Pekin, distances from
Peking System vs. Manchu Dynasty
Permanent Constitution
draft of
Pinghsiang collieries
Presidential,
Election Law of 1913
oath of office
Succession Law, the
text of
Progressives, the (Chinputang)
Provincial capitals, influence and power of
financial system
system of government
Provisional Constitution of 1912,
text of
Nanking Constitution, the

Railway concessions demanded by Japan
construction, progress of, under Yuan Shih-kai
Rebellion of 1813
Referendum arranged for by Senate
Reform Edicts of 1898
Religious provisions of "The Constitutional Compact"
Reorganization loan, the
Republic proclaimed
recognition of by the Powers
Republic's anniversary, non-observance of
review of in Goodnow Memorandum
Republican-Imperialist Conflict of 1917
Restoration Edict of Hsuan Tung
Revolt of February, 1912
Revolution of 1911
effect on Japan
Revolutionary base at Hankow, Hanyang and Wuchang
Party and the Europe and Asia Trading Co. agreement
Rioting in Pekin
Russia demands participation in loan
recognizes the independence of Tibet
agrees to autonomy of Outer Mongolia
Russian loan, the
Russia's Chinese policy
role in the Far East
status after the war
Russo-Chinese Agreement of 1913, text of
Declaration, the
-Mongolian tripartite agreement of 1915, text of

Salt Administration, the
Santuao harbour
Secret society plots
Sectional dispute
Senate, rules of
Shanghai, specie hoarded at
Shansi Bankers
Shantung and the Twenty-One Demands
province, Yuan Shih-kai appointed governor
Shasi, open port
Shogunate, establishment of, in Japan
Six-Power group, the
Socialism in Japan
Society for the Preservation of Peace (Chou An Hui)
Soochow, open port
South Manchurian railway
Southern Confederacy formed
dissolution of
Rebellion, the
Special Constitutional Drafting Committee
Specie payment suspended in Pekin
Submarine war question
Sun Yat Sen, Dr.
his alleged secret agreement with Japan
Sung Chiao-jen, assassination of
Sungari River
Szechuan province revolts against Yuan Shih-kai

Taiping rebellion
Tanaka, Gen.
Taonanfu administration
Tariff reformation
Tax collection
Tayeh iron mines
Tibet, independence of recognized by Russia
Tieh Liang
Tientsin rebellion of the Military Governors
Tong Kwan Palace, the battle at
Tong Shao-yi
Treaty of Shimonoseki
Treaty-ports, economical effects of
Tsao-ao, Gen.
Tsao Ju-lin
Tsan Cheng Yuan, passes a "king-making" bill
Tseng Kuo-fan, Marquis
Tsung She Tang, the
Tuan Chi-jui, Gen.
Tung Fu-hsiang
Twenty-Four Demands,
Japan's revised
China's reply to
Twenty-One Demands of Japan
Japan forced to revise
the psychology of
China's reply to
Tzu-Hsi, Empress

United States, Goodnow's review of

Viceroy's, prerogatives of in Chinese government

Wai Chiao Pu conference
Wakamatsu, Japanese government foundry at
Wang Yi-tang
War memorandums
"White Wolfs," insurrection of
Wilson, President
Wu, C.C., Dr.
Wu Chang-ching, Gen.
Wu Ting-fang, Dr.

Yang Tu,
champion of neo-imperialists
publisher famous pamphlet
the pamphlet
Yangtsze Valley, Japanese activities in
Yuan Shih-kai
the bailiff of the Powers
his early life
first emerges into public view
in Seoul
appointed Imperial Resident at Seoul
leaves Korea
in command of Hsaiochan camp
refuses to depose Empress Tzu-Hsi
appointed Governor of Shantung
defeats the Boxers
made Viceroy of Chihli
reorganizes the army
made Grand Councillor and President of
the Board of Foreign Affairs
made "Senior Guardian of the Heir Apparent"
dismissed from Pekin
appointed Viceroy of Hupeh and Hunan
appointed President of Grand Council
schemes for the abdication of the Manchu Dynasty
attempted, assassination of
commissioned to organize the Republic
elected Provisional President
takes oath of office
negotiates the Reorganization loan
negotiates and controls the great foreign loan
suppresses the Southern rebellion
elected full President
unseats Radical members of Parliament
entices Vice-President to Pekin
position strengthened by death of
Empress Lun Yi
ruthless suppression of opposition
brings out the Constitutional Compact
promulgates the Presidential Succession law
creates a "Palace of Generals"
negotiates with Germany
animosity of Japan
his _dementi_ of
bribes the Japanese press
his Dictatorship recognized by Japan
the _precis_ of Japanese Minister's coercive conversation
reviewed in Black Dragon Society's Memorandum
intrigues of his family
he yields to advocates of monarchy
invokes services of Yang-tu
his interview with Gen. Feng Kuo-chang
his accusation by Liang Chi-chao
throws responsibility on the Senate
his Mandate for a referendum
elected Emperor
substitutes title of Emperor for President
refuses, then accepts the throne
the revolt of Yunnan
he rehearses court ceremonies
his position weakens
the communication from Liang Ch'i-chao
attempts to placate Japan
distributes patents of nobility
financial troubles
issues the Mandate of Cancellation
his retirement sought
he offers to resign
his death
his last mandate
his funeral
his policy towards the European War
Yunnan revolt of 1916

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