Book: The Life of General Francis Marion

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S. Ashamed of their conduct! Monsters! they are not capable of shame.

M. Pshaw! don't talk so, captain Snipes! our enemies, sir, are men,
and just such men as we are; and as capable of generous actions,
if we will but show them the way.

S. Well then, general Marion, how do you account for that great difference
between us and them in point of spirits? We have never yet killed
any of their men, except in fair fight, that I have heard of;
but they have often murdered ours. Yes, the cowardly rascals!
they have often done it, and that in cold blood too.

M. Granted. And I am very glad that when we have had them in our power,
we have always treated them so much more generously. But, I suppose
the reason of such barbarity on their part, is, they have had,
or which is the same thing, have THOUGHT they had greater provocations.

S. They be d--n-d, they and their provocations too! Are not WE the persons
who have been invaded, and plundered and murdered by THEM,
and not they by us? How then can they have greater provocations?

M. Why, sir, sprung originally from them, and always looked on by them
as their children, our turning now and fighting against them,
must appear, in their sight, a very great provocation;
as great perhaps as that of children fighting against their parents.
And again, our shaking off what they glory in, as the wisest, and freest,
and happiest government on earth, must make us seem to them
as no better than the vilest traitors and rebels; which cannot otherwise
than prove another very great provocation. And again, after having been
first settled in this country by them, as they will have it, and afterwards,
so long and liberally assisted with their best blood and treasure,
in hope that some day or other we should be of service to them; that now,
at the very time when, by our immense population, we were just arrived
to the so long desired point, to swell their wealth and spread
their commerce and arms over the world, we should separate from them,
blast all their fond hopes, and throw them back to the former level;
this, I say, you will certainly allow, must be a very severe provocation.
Now, sir, putting all these provocations together, and also taking
poor human nature into the account, is it to be wondered at,
that the British should be so much more angry, and consequently
more violent than we?

S. Why, certainly, general Marion, you have always a very fine knack
of setting off your arguments. But still, sir, I can't see things
in that light. For a man, sir, to go and trump up a pack of claims
against me, and all of them because I can't credit him
in the abominable extent he wishes, to fall upon me and kill and murder me,
as the British and tories have done with us, and we not stop them
by revenge! why, my God! sir, it will never do. For, at this rate,
whom shall we have living in all this country, in a little time,
but the British, and their friends the tories and negroes?

M. My brave captain let me tell you again, I am as anxious to stop them
as you can possibly wish me to be; but I am for doing it
in what I think the right way. I mean the way of policy and humanity.

S. Policy, sir! can there be policy in letting our best men be murdered
by these savages! I'm sure general Washington did not think so.
For, though I am no man of learning myself, yet I have been told
by those that are, that, on its being threatened by general Gage
to hang an American soldier, he instantly wrote him word, that if he dared
to do such a thing, the life of a British soldier should pay for it.
And, it is well known, that he kept the British army and nation too,
in a fright for three months together, with the halter constantly
around the neck of captain Asgil, expecting every day to be hung
for the murder of captain Huddy.

M. True; general Washington did act so. And it was policy
to act against a foreign enemy. But our standing with the tories
is quite a different case, and requires a very different course.
The tories are our countrymen, a part of our own population and strength,
so that every man of them that is killed, is a man forever lost
to ourselves. Now, since the British have put them up to murder us,
if we go, out of revenge, to murder them again, why,
in the course of a little time our population will be so cut up,
as to allow the British ministry, with ease, to take our country,
and make slaves of us all; which is just what lord North desires.

S. Yes, I dare say it is. But I hope he'll be disappointed yet.

M. No doubt of it, sir; if we shall be wise and magnanimous enough to follow
the true policy, which is no other than HUMANITY to these deluded people,
the tories; and to this we have every inducement that generous spirits
could desire. The tories and ourselves are brothers; many of us went
to the same school together; and a thousand times have ate and drank
in each other's houses. And as to the quarrel in which we are now
unfortunately engaged, though not the most, still we are much in fault.
We made no allowances for those follies of theirs which led to it.
They thought -- First, That we were too nearly allied to England to go
to war with her; this was a weakness, but there was something amiable in it.
-- Secondly, They thought the British were much too warlike and powerful
to be resisted by us: this was an error, but it was learned in the nursery.
-- Thirdly, They wished to keep in with the British, merely that
they might save their property; this was altogether from fear,
and therefore claimed some commiseration. But no!
we could not grant one grain of indulgence to any of their mistakes.
We would have it, they all proceeded from the vilest of motives.
We called them traitors, and cowards, and scoundrels; and loaded them
with a thousand indignities besides. Well, the consequences were,
as might have been expected from human weakness and passion.
Wrought to desperation, and caring not what they did,
they have gone and joined our enemies, and many valuable lives
have been lost on both sides. Surely 'tis high time now
that we should set about doing something to end it.

S. Well! let them set about ending it themselves. They were the first
to begin it.

M. But would you have the tories to lead to glory?

S. GLORY! I should think it meanness to be the first to make overtures
to such rascals!

M. Well, but, captain Snipes, when brethren, as we are, fall out,
is it policy to go on to exasperate and cut each other's throats,
until our enemy comes and takes away a fine country, of which,
by such madness, we had rendered ourselves unworthy? Would it not be
much better policy to trace back all our wrong steps of passion and revenge,
and making hearty friends again, and joining our forces against
the common enemy, drive him out of our country; and then by establishing
a free government, and encouraging agriculture and commerce,
and learning, and religion, make ourselves a great and happy people again;
would not this, I say, be the true policy?

S. Why yes, I confess, general Marion, it would be a noble thing,
and very desirable, if it could be done. But I cannot bear
to think of being the first to make terms with the tories,
after they have been burning, and plundering, and murdering
our best friends. It is too hard, sir, for mortal flesh and blood.

M. It is a great trial, I confess; but "the heavier the cross
the brighter the crown," you know, sir. And as to the difficulty
of the undertaking, that's the very thing that should make us jump at it;
the glory of showing ourselves wiser and better men than our enemy.
And besides, let us recollect that the glory of this exploit
all now lies with us: for if we do not pluck up courage and do it,
it will never be done. -- The tories are, generally, an ignorant people;
and therefore not much of wise or good is to be expected from that quarter.
They have also, in many instances, acted a very savage part by us:
their consciousness of this can have no tendency to make them court
reconciliation with us. Since, then, but little is to be expected
from THEM, it seems incumbent on US to do the more.
We have better information, and we have also a much better cause.
These are great advantages which God has given us; and now it becomes us
to improve them, to his glory and to our own honor, by showing
a conciliatory and magnanimous spirit towards our enemies. And though
it should cost us labor to win such a victory, yet, I am confident,
that when won, it will appear to us the most glorious that we ever achieved.
To conquer an enemy by the sword, is, no doubt, honorable;
but still it is nothing in comparison of conquering him by generosity.
As arguing both superior virtue and courage, it commands higher admiration
from the world, and is reflected on by ourselves with far more
self-esteem and applause. And then, sir, only consider how such conduct
will gild the future scenes of life. This unfortunate quarrel
betwixt us and our countrymen, the tories, is not to last forever.
It was only the act of a wicked ministry, attempting,
by an unconstitutional tax to enslave an affectionate part of the nation.
God can never suffer such an attempt to prosper. It must be
but a momentary quarrel; and we ought to accustom ourselves to think of it
as such, and to look beyond it to the happy days that are to succeed.
And since the storm of war is soon to subside into the calm of peace,
let us do nothing now, that may throw a cloud over the coming sunshine.
Let us not even talk of `exterminating war'! that unnatural crime which
would harrow up our souls with the pangs of remorse, and haunt our repose
with the dread of retaliation -- which would draw down upon our cause
the curse of heaven, and make our very name the odium of all generations.
But, far differently, let us act the generous part of those who,
though now at variance, are yet brothers, and soon to be good friends again.
And then, when peace returns, we shall be in proper frame to enjoy it.
No poor woman that we meet will seem to upbraid us for
the slaughter of her husband; no naked child, for robbing him of his father;
no field will cry against us for a brother's blood. On the contrary,
whenever the battles which we are now fighting, shall recur to our thoughts,
with the frightened enemy grounding their arms and crying for quarter,
we shall remember how we heard their cries and stopped the uplifted sword.
Joy will spring in our bosoms, and all around will smile with approbation.
-- The faces of the aged will shine upon us, because we spared their sons;
bright-eyed females will bless us for their surviving husbands:
and even the lips of the children will lisp our praises.
Thus with a heaven of delighted feeling in our hearts, and the smiles
both of God and man on our heads, we shall pass the evening of our days
in glorious peace. And when death shall call us to that better world,
we shall obey without reluctance. Conscious of neither dread nor hate
towards any of the blessed people that dwell there, we shall go
in strong hope of witnessing the bright realities of that state,
where all is immortality and love. Perhaps we shall there meet
many of those whom it has been our sad destiny to fight with here;
not in their present imperfect state, but in their state of exaltation,
clad in robes brighter than the stars, and their faces outshining
the sun in his noonday splendors. Perhaps at sight of us,
these glorious spirits may rush with new-flushed beauties, to embrace us,
and in the presence of crowding angels, recount our kindness to them
in the days of their mortality; while all the dazzling throngs,
listening delighted, shall fix on us their eyes of love,
inspiring those joys which none but strong immortals could sustain.
Are not these, O my friends, hopes worth contending for?
Is revenge to be cherished that would rob us of such honors?
Can generosity be dear that would ensure to us such so great rewards?
Then let us not think benevolence was enjoined in vain,
which is to conduct us to such immortal felicities."

As Marion spoke these words, his countenance, which in general was melancholy,
caught an animation beyond the reader's fancy to conceive.
The charms of goodness, and the bright rewards which await it,
were painted in such living colors on his face, that not even the stranger
could have beheld it unmoved. On me, who almost adored Marion
for his godlike virtues, its effects were past describing. My bosom heaved
with emotions unutterable, while the tear of delicious admiration
swelled in my eyes. As to captain Snipes, he appeared equally affected.
His eyes were riveted on the general, and towards the close of the speech
his breath seemed suspended; his color went and came; and his face
reddened and swelled; as under the powerful eloquence of the pulpit.




Chapter 27.

Marion and Lee attack and take fort Watson and fort Motte --
interesting anecdotes.



From Georgetown, Marion proceeded with colonel Lee to attack
the British post on Scott's lake, generally called fort Watson.
The situation of this fort was romantic and beautiful in the extreme. --
Overlooking the glassy level of the lake, it stood on a mighty barrow or tomb
like a mount, formed of the bones of Indian nations, there heaped up
from time immemorial, and covered with earth and herbage. --
Finding that the fort mounted no artillery, Marion resolved
to make his approaches in a way that should give his riflemen
a fair chance against their musqueteers. For this purpose,
large quantities of pine logs were cut, and as soon as dark came on,
were carried in perfect silence, within point blank shot of the fort,
and run up in the shape of large pens or chimney-stacks,
considerably higher than the enemy's parapets. Great, no doubt,
was the consternation of the garrison next morning, to see themselves
thus suddenly overlooked by this strange kind of steeple, pouring down
upon them from its blazing top incessant showers of rifle bullets.
Nor were they idle the while, but returned the blaze with equal fury,
presenting to us, who lay at a distance, a very interesting scene --
as of two volcanoes that had suddenly broke out into fiery strife,
singeing the neighboring pines.

Though their enemy, yet I could not but pity the British,
when I saw the great disadvantage under which they fought. For our riflemen,
lying above them and firing through loopholes, were seldom hurt;
while the British, obliged, every time they fired, to show their heads,
were frequently killed. -- Increasing still the awkwardness
of their situation, their well, which was on the outside of the fort,
was so entirely in the reach of our rifles, that they could not get
a pail of water for coffee or grog, without the utmost hazard.
After a gallant resistance, they surrendered themselves prisoners of war;
one hundred and twenty in number.

This fort had been very judiciously fixed in a country exceedingly fertile,
and on a lake abounding with fine fish, and from its contiguity
to the river Santee, forming an admirable deposite for their upland posts.
From their military storehouse, which was on the outside of the fort,
the British attempted, at the commencement of our attack,
to get out their goods, and to roll them up into the fort.
But in this exposed state, their men were picked off so fast
by our sharpshooters, that they were soon obliged to quit such hot work.

The sight of their casks and bales, rolled out and shining so richly
on the side of the hill, set the fingers of our ragged militia-men
on such an itch, that there was no resisting it. And presently
a squad of three of them were seen pushing out, without leave or license,
to attack a large hogshead, that lay very invitingly
on the outside of the rest. The enemy seeing the approach of our buccaneers,
reserved their fire until they had got pretty near up to the intended prize;
then all at once cut loose upon them with a thundering clap,
which killed one, crippled a second, and so frightened the third,
that he forgot the cask, and turning tail, thought of nothing
but to save his bacon! which he did by such extraordinary running and jumping,
as threw us all into a most immoderate laugh.

Presently up comes my black waiter, Billy, with a broad grin on his face,
and says, "Why, master, them militia men there, sir, are tarnal fools:
they do not know nothing at all about stealing. But if you will please, sir,
to let me try my hand, I can fetch off that hogshead there, mighty easy, sir."

"No, no, Billy!" said I, shaking my head, "that will never do, my lad.
I value you much too highly, Billy, to let you be knocked on the head,
so foolishly as all that comes to."

"Lord bless you, sir," replied he, smiling, "there is no more danger in it,
than in eating when a body is hungry. And if you will only please
let me try my hand, sir, if you see any danger, why then, master,
you may call me back, you know, sir."

Upon this he started. Fortunately for him, our riflemen,
seeing what he was after, made a noble diversion in his favor,
by throwing a galling fire into the fort. On getting within
thirty yards of the hogshead, he fell flat on his face,
and dragged himself along on his belly until he reached it.
Then seizing the hogshead with a hand on each chine he worked it
backwards and backwards, like an alligator pulling a dog into the river,
until he had fairly rolled his prize to the brink of the hill, where,
giving it a sudden jerk by way of a start, and at the same time jumping up,
he ran with all his might down the precipice, the hogshead hard after him,
and was soon out of all danger. Numbers of shots were fired at him,
but not one touched him, which gave great joy to our encampment,
who were all anxious spectators of the transaction, and seemed
to take a deep interest in Billy's success. And no wonder;
for he was a most noble-hearted fellow, and exceedingly useful in camp.
Officers or soldiers, cadets or colonels, no matter who they were,
that asked Billy a favor, they were sure to have it done for them;
and with such a cheerful air, as did them more good than the service itself.
So that I much question, whether there was a man in all our camp,
whose good luck would have given more general satisfaction than his.

On opening Billy's hogshead, which indeed was no hogshead,
but rather a puncheon, as big as two hogsheads, there was a prodigious stare
among our men at the sight of so much wealth.

100 strong white shirts for soldiers,
50 fine do. do. for officers,
50 camp blankets,
100 black stocks,
100 knapsacks, and
6 dragoon cloaks,

were the valuable contents of Billy's cask. The native genius
of the poor fellow instantly broke out in a stream of generous actions,
which never stopped, until the hogshead was completely emptied.
First of all, he began with me, to whom he presented
half a dozen of the fine shirts and black stocks, with a dragoon's cloak.
Then to the general he made a present, also to the officers of his family.
To his fellow-servants, who messed with him, he gave two shirts a-piece.
But what pleased me most in Billy's donations, was his generosity
to the two men who had miscarried in their attempt on the same cask.
Seeing that they were much mortified at their own failure,
and a little perhaps at his success, he desired them to come
and help themselves to what they liked. Hearing him then express a wish
that he knew what to do with the balance, I told him that many of our dragoons
were poor men, and much in want of shirts. "Aye, sure enough," said he,
and immediately handed them out a shirt a-piece, until all were gone.

For this generosity of Billy's, general Marion dubbed him "CAPTAIN Billy",
a name which he went by ever afterwards. Nothing was ever more seasonable
than this supply, purchased by Billy's valor; for before that,
we were all as ragged as young rooks. There was not an officer in camp,
except colonel Lee and his staff, who was so rich as to own two shirts.
I am very sure that Marion's aids had but one a-piece.
And yet so independent of wealth is cheerfulness, that I have often
seen our officers in their naked buffs, near a branch,
singing and dancing around their shirts, which they had just washed,
and hung on the bushes to dry.

From the reduction of fort Watson, we set out immediately in high spirits,
for the still nobler attack on fort Motte. For the sake of fine air,
and water, and handsome accommodations, the British had erected this fort
in the yard of Mrs. Motte's elegant new house, which was nearly enclosed
in their works. But alas! so little do poor mortals know what they are about!
the fine house, which they had rudely taken from poor Mrs. Motte,
proved to the British, what his gay shirt did to Hercules. It wrought
their downfall. For, after a fierce contest, in which many valuable lives
were lost on both sides, through the sharp shooting of the yaugers,
and the still closer cutting of our riflemen, it struck Marion that he could
quickly drive the enemy out of the fort, by setting the house on fire.
But poor Mrs. Motte! a lone widow, whose plantation had been so long ravaged
by the war, herself turned into a log cabin, her negroes dispersed,
and her stock, grain, &c. nearly all ruined! must she now lose
her elegant buildings too? Such scruples were honorable to the general;
but they showed his total unacquaintedness with the excellent widow.
For at the first glimpse of the proposition, she exclaimed, "O! burn it!
burn it, general Marion! God forbid I should bestow a single thought
on my little concerns, when the independence of my country is at stake. --
No sir, if it were a palace it should go." She then stepped to her closet
and brought out a curious bow with a quiver of arrows,
which a poor African boy purchased from on board a Guineaman,
had formerly presented her, and said, "Here, general, here is what
will serve your purpose to a hair." The arrows, pointed with iron,
and charged with lighted combustibles, were shot on top of the house,
to which they stuck, and quickly communicated the flames.
The British, two hundred in number, besides a good many tories,
instantly hung out a white flag in sign of submission.

The excellent Mrs. Motte was present when her fine new house,
supposed to be worth six thousand dollars, took fire; and without a sigh,
beheld the red spiry billows prevailing over all its grandeur.*

--
* Judge William Dobein James, who was present, assures us,
in his biography of Marion, that the fire was put out
"before much mischief was done". -- A. L., 1997.
--

The day after the destruction of her house, she invited general Marion
with all the officers, British as well as American, to dine with her.
Having now no better place of accommodation, she entertained us
under a large arbor built in front of her log cabin, where,
with great pleasure, I observed that the same lady could one day
act the Spartan, and the next the Parisian: thus uniting in herself,
the rare qualities of the heroine and the christian. For my life I could not
keep my eyes from her. To think what an irreparable injury these officers
had done her! and yet to see her, regardless of her own appetite,
selecting the choicest pieces of the dish, and helping them with
the endearing air of a sister, appeared to me one of the loveliest spectacles
I had ever beheld. It produced the happiest effect on us all.
Catching her amiable spirit, we seemed to have entirely forgotten
our past animosities; and Britons and Americans mingled together,
in smiles and cheerful chat, like brothers. I do not recollect
a transaction in the whole war, in which I can think that God looked down
with higher complacency than on this. And to the day of my death,
I shall believe, that God enabled us to beat the British in arms,
because we had so far beaten them in generosity. Men, who under
such cruel provocations, could display such moderation as we did,
must certainly have given our Maker good hope, that we were equal
to the glorious business of self-government; or in other words,
of living under a republic, which must certainly be his delight,
because both implying and producing more wisdom and virtue,
than any other government among men.

The name of the British commandant, our prisoner, was Ferguson;
and a very pleasant gentleman he was too, as I found on getting acquainted
with him, which I soon did. After talking over our various adventures
in the war, he asked me if I did not command the cavalry,
in the late skirmishing between Watson and Marion. I told him I did.
"Well," replied he, "you made a very lucky escape that day:
for do you know that we were twelve hundred strong, owing to colonel Small's
joining us in the march?"

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