Book: Diary of Samuel Pepys, 1660 N.S. Complete

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["About midnight arrived there Mr. Downing, who did the affairs of
England to the Lords the Estates, in quality of Resident under
Oliver Cromwell, and afterward under the pretended Parliament, which
having changed the form of the government, after having cast forth
the last Protector, had continued him in his imploiment, under the
quality of Extraordinary Envoy. He began to have respect for the
King's person, when he knew that all England declared for a free
parliament, and departed from Holland without order, as soon as he
understood that there was nothing that could longer oppose the re-
establishment of monarchal government, with a design to crave
letters of recommendation to General Monk. This lord considered
him, as well because of the birth of his wife, which is illustrious,
as because Downing had expressed some respect for him in a time when
that eminent person could not yet discover his intentions. He had
his letters when he arrived at midnight at the house of the Spanish
Embassador, as we have said. He presented them forthwith to the
King, who arose from table a while after, read the letters, receiv'd
the submissions of Downing, and granted him the pardon and grace
which he asked for him to whom he could deny nothing. Some daies
after the King knighted him, and would it should be believed, that
the strong aversions which this minister of the Protector had made
appear against him on all occasions, and with all sorts of persons
indifferently, even a few daies before the publick and general
declaration of all England, proceeded not from any evil intention,
but only from a deep dissimulation, wherewith he was constrained to
cover his true sentiments, for fear to prejudice the affairs of his
Majesty."--Sir William Lowers Relation . . . of the Voiage and
Residence which . . . Charles the II. hath made in Holland,
Hague, 1660, folio, pp. 72-73.]

By the same token he called me to him when I was going to write the order,
to tell me that I must write him Sir G. Downing. My Lord lay in the
roundhouse to-night. This evening I was late writing a French letter
myself by my Lord's order to Monsieur Kragh, Embassador de Denmarke a la
Haye, which my Lord signed in bed. After that I to bed, and the Doctor,
and sleep well.

23rd. The Doctor and I waked very merry, only my eye was very red and ill
in the morning from yesterday's hurt. In the morning came infinity of
people on board from the King to go along with him. My Lord, Mr. Crew,
and others, go on shore to meet the King as he comes off from shore, where
Sir R. Stayner bringing His Majesty into the boat, I hear that His Majesty
did with a great deal of affection kiss my Lord upon his first meeting.
The King, with the two Dukes and Queen of Bohemia, Princess Royal, and
Prince of Orange, came on board, where I in their coming in kissed the
King's, Queen's, and Princess's hands, having done the other before.
Infinite shooting off of the guns, and that in a disorder on purpose,
which was better than if it had been otherwise. All day nothing but Lords
and persons of honour on board, that we were exceeding full. Dined in a
great deal of state, the Royall company by themselves in the coach, which
was a blessed sight to see. I dined with Dr. Clerke, Dr. Quarterman, and
Mr. Darcy in my cabin. This morning Mr. Lucy came on board, to whom and
his company of the King's Guard in another ship my Lord did give three
dozen of bottles of wine. He made friends between Mr. Pierce and me.
After dinner the King and Duke altered the name of some of the ships, viz.
the Nazeby into Charles; the Richard, James; the Speakers Mary; the Dunbar
(which was not in company with us), the Henry; Winsly, Happy Return;
Wakefield, Richmond; Lambert; the Henrietta; Cheriton, the Speedwell;
Bradford, the Success. That done, the Queen, Princess Royal, and Prince of
Orange, took leave of the King, and the Duke of York went on board the
London, and the Duke of Gloucester, the Swiftsure. Which done, we weighed
anchor, and with a fresh gale and most happy weather we set sail for
England. All the afternoon the King walked here and there, up and down
(quite contrary to what I thought him to have been), very active and
stirring. Upon the quarterdeck he fell into discourse of his escape from
Worcester,

[For the King's own account of his escape dictated to Pepys, see
"Boscobel" (Bohn's "Standard Library").]

where it made me ready to weep to hear the stories that he told of his
difficulties that he had passed through, as his travelling four days and
three nights on foot, every step up to his knees in dirt, with nothing but
a green coat and a pair of country breeches on, and a pair of country
shoes that made him so sore all over his feet, that he could scarce stir.
Yet he was forced to run away from a miller and other company, that took
them for rogues. His sitting at table at one place, where the master of
the house, that had not seen him in eight years, did know him, but kept it
private; when at the same table there was one that had been of his own
regiment at Worcester, could not know him, but made him drink the King's
health, and said that the King was at least four fingers higher than he.
At another place he was by some servants of the house made to drink, that
they might know him not to be a Roundhead, which they swore he was. In
another place at his inn, the master of the house,

[This was at Brighton. The inn was the "George," and the innkeeper
was named Smith. Charles related this circumstance again to Pepys
in October, 1680. He then said, "And here also I ran into another
very great danger, as being confident I was known by the master of
the inn; for, as I was standing after supper by the fireside,
leaning my hand upon a chair, and all the rest of the company being
gone into another room, the master of the inn came in and fell a-
talking with me, and just as he was looking about, and saw there was
nobody in the room, he upon a sudden kissed my hand that was upon
the back of the chair, and said to me, 'God bless you wheresoever
you go! I do not doubt before I die, but to be a lord, and my wife
a lady.' So I laughed, and went away into the next room."]

as the King was standing with his hands upon the back of a chair by the
fire-side, kneeled down and kissed his hand, privately, saying, that he
would not ask him who he was, but bid God bless him whither he was going.
Then the difficulty of getting a boat to get into France, where he was
fain to plot with the master thereof to keep his design from the four men
and a boy (which was all his ship's company), and so got to Fecamp in
France.

[On Saturday, October 11th, 1651, Colonel Gunter made an agreement
at Chichester with Nicholas Tettersell, through Francis Mansell (a
French merchant), to have Tettersell's vessel ready at an hour's
warning. Charles II., in his narrative dictated to Pepys in 1680,
said, "We went to a place, four miles off Shoreham, called
Brighthelmstone, where we were to meet with the master of the ship,
as thinking it more convenient to meet there than just at Shoreham,
where the ship was. So when we came to the inn at Brighthelmstone
we met with one, the merchant Francis Mansell] who had hired the
vessel, in company with her master [Tettersell], the merchant only
knowing me, as having hired her only to carry over a person of
quality that was escaped from the battle of Worcester without naming
anybody."

The boat was supposed to be bound for Poole, but Charles says in his
narrative: "As we were sailing the master came to me, and desired me
that I would persuade his men to use their best endeavours with him
to get him to set us on shore in France, the better to cover him
from any suspicion thereof, upon which I went to the men, which were
four and a boy."

After the Restoration Mansell was granted a pension of L200 a year,
and Tettersell one of L100 a year. (See "Captain Nicholas
Tettersell and the Escape of Charles II.," by F. E. Sawyer, F.S.A.,
"Sussex Archaeological Collections," vol. xxxii. pp. 81-104).)

At Rouen he looked so poorly, that the people went into the rooms before
he went away to see whether he had not stole something or other. In the
evening I went up to my Lord to write letters for England, which we sent
away with word of our coming, by Mr. Edw. Pickering. The King supped
alone in the coach; after that I got a dish, and we four supped in my
cabin, as at noon. About bed-time my Lord Bartlett

[A mistake for Lord Berkeley of Berkeley, who had been deputed, with
Lord Middlesex and four other Peers, by the House of Lords to
present an address of congratulation to the King.--B.]

(who I had offered my service to before) sent for me to get him a bed, who
with much ado I did get to bed to my Lord Middlesex in the great cabin
below, but I was cruelly troubled before I could dispose of him, and quit
myself of him. So to my cabin again, where the company still was, and
were talking more of the King's difficulties; as how he was fain to eat a
piece of bread and cheese out of a poor boy's pocket; how, at a Catholique
house, he was fain to lie in the priest's hole a good while in the house
for his privacy. After that our company broke up, and the Doctor and I to
bed. We have all the Lords Commissioners on board us, and many others.
Under sail all night, and most glorious weather.

24th. Up, and made myself as fine as I could, with the Tinning stockings
on and wide canons--["Cannions, boot hose tops; an old-fashioned ornament
for the legs." That is to say, a particular addition to breeches.]--that
I bought the other day at Hague. Extraordinary press of noble company,
and great mirth all the day. There dined with me in my cabin (that is,
the carpenter's) Dr. Earle

[John Earle, born about 1601; appointed in 1643 one of the
Westminster Assembly of Divines, but his principles did not allow
him to act. He accompanied Charles II. when he was obliged to fly
from England. Dean of Westminster at the Restoration, Bishop of
Worcester, November 30th, 1662, and translated to Salisbury,
September 28th, 1663. He was tender to the Nonconformists, and
Baxter wrote of him, "O that they were all such!" Author of
"Microcosmography." Died November 17th, 1665, and was buried in the
chapel of Merton College, of which he had been a Fellow. Charles
II. had the highest esteem for him.]

and Mr. Hollis,

[Denzil Holles, second son of John, first Earl of Clare, born at
Houghton, Notts, in 1597. He was one of the five members charged
with high treason by Charles I. in 1641. He was a Presbyterian, and
one of the Commissioners sent by Parliament to wait on Charles II.
at the Hague. Sir William Lower, in his "Relation," 1660, writes:
"All agreed that never person spake with more affection nor
expressed himself in better terms than Mr. Denzil Hollis, who was
orator for the Deputies of the Lower House, to whom those of London
were joined." He was created Baron Holles on April 20th, 1661, on
the occasion of the coronation of Charles II.]

the King's Chaplins, Dr. Scarborough,

[Charles Scarburgh, M.D., an eminent physician who suffered for the
royal cause during the Civil Wars. He was born in London, and
educated at St. Paul's School and Caius College, Cambridge. He was
ejected from his fellowship at Caius, and withdrew to Oxford. He
entered himself at Merton College, then presided over by Harvey,
with whom he formed a lifelong friendship. He was knighted by
Charles II. in 1669, and attended the King in his last illness. He
was also physician to James II. and to William III., and died
February 26th, 1693-4.]

Dr. Quarterman, and Dr. Clerke, Physicians, Mr. Darcy, and Mr. Fox

[Stephen Fox, born 1627, and said to have been a choir-boy in
Salisbury Cathedral. He was the first person to announce the death
of Cromwell to Charles II., and at the Restoration he was made Clerk
of the Green Cloth, and afterwards Paymaster of the Forces. He was
knighted in 1665. He married Elizabeth, daughter of William Whittle
of Lancashire. (See June 25th, 1660.) Fox died in 1716. His sons
Stephen and Henry were created respectively Earl of Ilchester and
Lord Holland.]

(both very fine gentlemen), the King's servants, where we had brave
discourse. Walking upon the decks, where persons of honour all the
afternoon, among others, Thomas Killigrew (a merry droll, but a gentleman
of great esteem with the King), who told us many merry stories: one, how
he wrote a letter three or four days ago to the Princess Royal, about a
Queen Dowager of Judaea and Palestine, that was at the Hague incognita,
that made love to the King, &c., which was Mr. Cary (a courtier's) wife
that had been a nun, who are all married to Jesus. At supper the three
Drs. of Physic again at my cabin; where I put Dr. Scarborough in mind of
what I heard him say about the use of the eyes, which he owned, that
children do, in every day's experience, look several ways with both their
eyes, till custom teaches them otherwise. And that we do now see but with
one eye, our eyes looking in parallel lines. After this discourse I was
called to write a pass for my Lord Mandeville to take up horses to London,
which I wrote in the King's name,--[This right of purveyance was abolished
in Charles's reign.]--and carried it to him to sign, which was the first
and only one that ever he signed in the ship Charles. To bed, coming in
sight of land a little before night.

25th. By the morning we were come close to the land, and every body made
ready to get on shore. The King and the two Dukes did eat their breakfast
before they went, and there being set some ship's diet before them, only
to show them the manner of the ship's diet, they eat of nothing else but
pease and pork, and boiled beef. I had Mr. Darcy in my cabin and Dr.
Clerke, who eat with me, told me how the King had given L50 to Mr. Sheply
for my Lord's servants, and L500 among the officers and common men of the
ship. I spoke with the Duke of York about business, who called me Pepys
by name, and upon my desire did promise me his future favour. Great
expectation of the King's making some Knights, but there was none. About
noon (though the brigantine that Beale made was there ready to carry him)
yet he would go in my Lord's barge with the two Dukes. Our Captain
steered, and my Lord went along bare with him. I went, and Mr. Mansell,
and one of the King's footmen, with a dog that the King loved,

[Charles II.'s love of dogs is well known, but it is not so well
known that his dogs were continually being stolen from him. In the
"Mercurius Publicus," June 28-July 5, 1660, is the following
advertisement, apparently drawn up by the King himself: "We must
call upon you again for a Black Dog between a greyhound and a
spaniel, no white about him, onely a streak on his brest, and his
tayl a little bobbed. It is His Majesties own Dog, and doubtless
was stoln, for the dog was not born nor bred in England, and would
never forsake His master. Whoesoever findes him may acquaint any at
Whitehal for the Dog was better known at Court, than those who stole
him. Will they never leave robbing his Majesty! Must he not keep a
Dog? This dog's place (though better than some imagine) is the only
place which nobody offers to beg." (Quoted in "Notes and Queries,"
7th S., vii. 26, where are printed two other advertisements of
Charles's lost dogs.)]

(which [dirted] the boat, which made us laugh, and me think that a King
and all that belong to him are but just as others are), in a boat by
ourselves, and so got on shore when the King did, who was received by
General Monk with all imaginable love and respect at his entrance upon the
land of Dover. Infinite the crowd of people and the horsemen, citizens,
and noblemen of all sorts. The Mayor of the town came and gave him his
white staff, the badge of his place, which the King did give him again.
The Mayor also presented him from the town a very rich Bible, which he
took and said it was the thing that he loved above all things in the
world. A canopy was provided for him to stand under, which he did, and
talked awhile with General Monk and others, and so into a stately coach
there set for him, and so away through the town towards Canterbury,
without making any stay at Dover. The shouting and joy expressed by all
is past imagination. Seeing that my Lord did not stir out of his barge, I
got into a boat, and so into his barge, whither Mr. John Crew stepped, and
spoke a word or two to my Lord, and so returned, we back to the ship, and
going did see a man almost drowned that fell out of his boat into the sea,
but with much ado was got out. My Lord almost transported with joy that
he had done all this without any the least blur or obstruction in the
world, that could give an offence to any, and with the great honour he
thought it would be to him. Being overtook by the brigantine, my Lord and
we went out of our barge into it, and so went on board with Sir W. Batten,

[Clarendon describes William Batten as an obscure fellow, and,
although unknown to the service, a good seaman, who was in 1642 made
Surveyor to the Navy; in which employ he evinced great animosity
against the King. The following year, while Vice-Admiral to the
Earl of Warwick, he chased a Dutch man-of-war into Burlington Bay,
knowing that Queen Henrietta Maria was on board; and then, learning
that she had landed and was lodged on the quay, he fired above a
hundred shot upon the house, some of which passing through her
majesty's chamber, she was obliged, though indisposed, to retire for
safety into the open fields. This act, brutal as it was, found
favour with the Parliament. But Batten became afterwards
discontented; and, when a portion of the fleet revolted, he carried
the "Constant Warwick," one of the best ships in the Parliament
navy, over into Holland, with several seamen of note. For this act
of treachery he was knighted and made a Rear-Admiral by Prince
Charles. We hear no more of Batten till the Restoration, when he
became a Commissioner of the Navy, and was soon after M.P. for
Rochester. See an account of his second wife, in note to November
24th, 1660, and of his illness and death, October 5th, 1667. He had
a son, Benjamin, and a daughter, Martha, by his first wife.--B.]

and the Vice and Rear-Admirals. At night my Lord supped and Mr. Thomas
Crew with Captain Stoakes, I supped with the Captain, who told me what the
King had given us. My Lord returned late, and at his coming did give me
order to cause the marke to be gilded, and a Crown and C. R. to be made
at the head of the coach table, where the King to-day with his own hand
did mark his height, which accordingly I caused the painter to do, and is
now done as is to be seen.

26th. Thanks to God I got to bed in my own poor cabin, and slept well
till 9 o'clock this morning. Mr. North and Dr. Clerke and all the great
company being gone, I found myself very uncouth all this day for want
thereof. My Lord dined with the Vice-Admiral to-day (who is as officious,
poor man! as any spaniel can be; but I believe all to no purpose, for I
believe he will not hold his place), so I dined commander at the coach
table to-day, and all the officers of the ship with me, and Mr. White of
Dover. After a game or two at nine-pins, to work all the afternoon,
making above twenty orders. In the evening my Lord having been a-shore,
the first time that he hath been a-shore since he came out of the Hope
(having resolved not to go till he had brought his Majesty into England),
returned on board with a great deal of pleasure. I supped with the
Captain in his cabin with young Captain Cuttance, and afterwards a
messenger from the King came with a letter, and to go into France, and by
that means we supped again with him at 12 o'clock at night. This night
the Captain told me that my Lord had appointed me L30 out of the 1000
ducats which the King had given to the ship, at which my heart was very
much joyed. To bed.

27th (Lord's day). Called up by John Goods to see the Garter and Heralds
coat, which lay in the coach, brought by Sir Edward Walker,

[Edward Walker was knighted February 2nd, 1644-5, and on the 24th of
the same month was sworn in as Garter King at Arms. He adhered to
the cause of the king, and published "Iter Carolinum", being a
succinct account of the necessitated marches, retreats, and
sufferings of his Majesty King Charles I., from Jan. 10, 1641, to
the time of his death in 1648, collected by a daily attendant upon
his sacred Majesty during all that time: He joined Charles II. in
exile, and received the reward of his loyalty at the Restoration.
He died at Whitehall, February 19th, 1676-7, and was buried at
Stratford-on-Avon, his daughter having married Sir John Clepton of
that place.]

King at Arms, this morning, for my Lord. My Lord hath summoned all the
Commanders on board him, to see the ceremony, which was thus: Sir Edward
putting on his coat, and having laid the George and Garter, and the King's
letter to my Lord, upon a crimson cushion (in the coach, all the
Commanders standing by), makes three congees to him, holding the cushion
in his arms. Then laying it down with the things upon it upon a chair, he
takes the letter, and delivers it to my Lord, which my Lord breaks open
and gives him to read. It was directed to our trusty and well beloved Sir
Edward Montagu, Knight, one of our Generals at sea, and our Companion
elect of our Noble Order of the Garter. The contents of the letter is to
show that the Kings of England have for many years made use of this
honour, as a special mark of favour, to persons of good extraction and
virtue (and that many Emperors, Kings and Princes of other countries have
borne this honour), and that whereas my Lord is of a noble family, and
hath now done the King such service by sea, at this time, as he hath done;
he do send him this George and Garter to wear as Knight of the Order, with
a dispensation for the other ceremonies of the habit of the Order, and
other things, till hereafter, when it can be done. So the herald putting
the ribbon about his neck, and the Garter about his left leg, he salutes
him with joy as Knight of the Garter, and that was all. After that was
done, and the Captain and I had breakfasted with Sir Edward while my Lord
was writing of a letter, he took his leave of my Lord, and so to shore
again to the King at Canterbury, where he yesterday gave the like honour
to General Monk,

["His Majesty put the George on his Excellency, and the two Dukes
put on the Garter. The Princes thus honoured the Lord-General for
the restoration of that lawful family."--Rugge's Diurnal.]

who are the only two for many years that have had the Garter given them,
before they had other honours of Earldom, or the like, excepting only the
Duke of Buckingham, who was only Sir George Villiers when he was made
Knight of the Garter. A while after Mr. Thos. Crew and Mr. J. Pickering
(who had staid long enough to make all the world see him to be a fool),
took ship for London. So there now remain no strangers with my Lord but
Mr. Hetley, who had been with us a day before the King went from us. My
Lord and the ship's company down to sermon. I staid above to write and
look over my new song book, which came last night to me from London in
lieu of that that my Lord had of me. The officers being all on board,
there was not room for me at table, so I dined in my cabin, where, among
other things, Mr. Drum brought me a lobster and a bottle of oil, instead
of a bottle of vinegar, whereby I spoiled my dinner. Many orders in the
ordering of ships this afternoon. Late to a sermon. After that up to the
Lieutenant's cabin, where Mr. Sheply, I, and the Minister supped, and
after that I went down to W. Howe's cabin, and there, with a great deal of
pleasure, singing till it was late. After that to bed.

28th. Called up at two in the morning for letters for my Lord from the
Duke of York, but I went to bed again till 5. Trimmed early this morning.
This morning the Captain did call over all the men in the ship (not the
boys), and give every one of them a ducat of the King's money that he gave
the ship, and the officers according to their quality. I received in the
Captain's cabin, for my share, sixty ducats. The rest of the morning busy
writing letters. So was my Lord that he would not come to dinner. After
dinner to write again in order to sending to London, but my Lord did not
finish his, so we did not send to London to-day. A great part of the
afternoon at nine-pins with my Lord and Mr. Hetley. I lost about 4s.
Supped with my Lord, and after that to bed. At night I had a strange
dream of--myself, which I really did, and having kicked my clothes off, I
got cold; and found myself all much wet in the morning, and had a great
deal of pain . . . which made me very melancholy.

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