Book: Diary of Samuel Pepys, 1660 N.S. Complete

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Jan. 1st (Lord's day). This morning (we living lately in the garret,) I
rose, put on my suit with great skirts, having not lately worn any other,
clothes but them. Went to Mr. Gunning's

[Peter Gunning, afterwards Master of St. John's College, Cambridge,
and successively Bishop of Chichester and Ely. He had continued to
read the Liturgy at the chapel at Exeter House when the Parliament
was most predominant, for which Cromwell often rebuked him. Evelyn
relates that on Christmas Day, 1657, the chapel was surrounded with
soldiers, and the congregation taken prisoners, he and his wife
being among them. There are several notices of Dr. Gunning in
Evelyn's Diary. When he obtained the mastership of St. John's
College upon the ejection of Dr. Tuckney, he allowed that
Nonconformist divine a handsome annuity during his life. He was a
great controversialist, and a man of great reading. Burnet says he
"was a very honest sincere man, but of no sound judgment, and of no
prudence in affairs" ("Hist. of his Own. Time"). He died July 6th,
1684, aged seventy-one.]

chapel at Exeter House, where he made a very good sermon upon these
words:--"That in the fulness of time God sent his Son, made of a woman,"
&c.; showing, that, by "made under the law," is meant his circumcision,
which is solemnized this day. Dined at home in the garret, where my wife
dressed the remains of a turkey, and in the doing of it she burned her
hand. I staid at home all the afternoon, looking over my accounts; then
went with my wife to my father's, and in going observed the great posts
which the City have set up at the Conduit in Fleet-street. Supt at my,
father's, where in came Mrs. The. Turner--[Theophila Turner, daughter of
Sergeant John and Jane Turner, who married Sir Arthur Harris, Bart. She
died 1686.]--and Madam Morrice, and supt with us. After that my wife and
I went home with them, and so to our own home.

2nd. In the morning before I went forth old East brought me a dozen of
bottles of sack, and I gave him a shilling for his pains. Then I went to
Mr. Sheply,--[Shepley was a servant of Admiral Sir Edward Montagu]--who
was drawing of sack in the wine cellar to send to other places as a gift
from my Lord, and told me that my Lord had given him order to give me the
dozen of bottles. Thence I went to the Temple to speak with Mr. Calthropp
about the L60 due to my Lord,

[Sir Edward Montagu, born 1625, son of Sir Sidney Montagu, by
Paulina, daughter of John Pepys of Cottenham, married Jemima,
daughter of John Crew of Stene. He died in action against the Dutch
in Southwold Bay, May 28th, 1672. The title of "My Lord" here
applied to Montagu before he was created Earl of Sandwich is of the
same character as that given to General Lambert.]

but missed of him, he being abroad. Then I went to Mr. Crew's

[John Crew, born 1598, eldest son of Sir Thomas Crew, Sergeant-at-
Law and Speaker of the House of Commons. He sat for Brackley in the
Long Parliament. Created Baron Crew of Stene, in the county of
Northampton, at the coronation of Charles II. He married Jemima,
daughter and co-heir of Edward Walgrave (or Waldegrave) of Lawford,
Essex. His house was in Lincoln's Inn Fields. He died December
12th, 1679.]

and borrowed L10 of Mr. Andrewes for my own use, and so went to my office,
where there was nothing to do. Then I walked a great while in Westminster
Hall, where I heard that Lambert was coming up to London; that my Lord
Fairfax

[Thomas, Lord Fairfax, Generalissimo of the Parliament forces.
After the Restoration, he retired to his country seat, where he
lived in private till his death, 1671. In a volume (autograph) of
Lord Fairfax's Poems, preserved in the British Museum, 11744, f. 42,
the following lines occur upon the 30th of January, on which day the
King was beheaded. It is believed that they have never been
printed.

"O let that day from time be bloted quitt,
And beleef of 't in next age be waved,
In depest silence that act concealed might,
That so the creadet of our nation might be saved;
But if the powre devine hath ordered this,
His will's the law, and our must aquiess."

These wretched verses have obviously no merit; but they are curious
as showing that Fairfax, who had refused to act as one of Charles
I's judges; continued long afterwards to entertain a proper horror
for that unfortunate monarch's fate. It has recently been pointed
out to me, that the lines were not originally composed by Fairfax,
being only a poor translation of the spirited lines of Statius
(Sylvarum lib. v. cap. ii. l. 88)

"Excidat illa dies aevo, ne postera credant
Secula, nos certe taceamus; et obruta multa
Nocte tegi propria patiamur crimina gentis."

These verses were first applied by the President de Thou to the
massacre of St. Bartholomew, 1572; and in our day, by Mr. Pitt, in
his memorable speech in the House of Commons, January, 1793, after
the murder of Louis XVI.--B.]

was in the head of the Irish brigade, but it was not certain what he would
declare for. The House was to-day upon finishing the act for the Council
of State, which they did; and for the indemnity to the soldiers; and were
to sit again thereupon in the afternoon. Great talk that many places have
declared for a free Parliament; and it is believed that they will be
forced to fill up the House with the old members. From the Hall I called
at home, and so went to Mr. Crew's (my wife she was to go to her
father's), thinking to have dined, but I came too late, so Mr. Moore and I
and another gentleman went out and drank a cup of ale together in the new
market, and there I eat some bread and cheese for my dinner. After that
Mr. Moore and I went as far as Fleet-street together and parted, he going
into the City, I to find Mr. Calthrop, but failed again of finding him, so
returned to Mr. Crew's again, and from thence went along with Mrs. Jemimah

[Mrs. Jemimah, or Mrs. Jem, was Jemima, eldest daughter of Sir
Edward Montagu. At this time she and her sister, Mrs. Ann, seem to
have been living alone with their maids in London, and Pepys's duty
was to look after them.]

home, and there she taught me how to play at cribbage. Then I went home,
and finding my wife gone to see Mrs. Hunt, I went to Will's,

[Pepys constantly visited "Will's" about this time; but this could
not be the famous coffee-house in Covent Garden, because he mentions
visiting there for the first time, February 3rd, 1663-64. It was
most probably the house of William Joyce, who kept a place of
entertainment at Westminster (see Jan. 29th).]

and there sat with Mr. Ashwell talking and singing till nine o'clock, and
so home, there, having not eaten anything but bread and cheese, my wife
cut me a slice of brawn which. I received from my Lady;--[Jemima, wife of
Sir Edward Montagu, daughter of John Crew of Stene, afterwards Lord
Crew.]--which proves as good as ever I had any. So to bed, and my wife
had a very bad night of it through wind and cold.

3rd. I went out in the morning, it being a great frost, and walked to
Mrs. Turner's

[Jane, daughter of John Pepys of South Creake, Norfolk, married to
John Turner, Sergeant-at-law, Recorder of York; their only child,
Theophila, frequently mentioned as The. or Theoph., became the wife
of Sir Arthur Harris, Bart., of Stowford, Devon, and died 1686,
s.p.]

to stop her from coming to see me to-day, because of Mrs. Jem's corning,
thence I went to the Temple to speak with Mr. Calthrop, and walked in his
chamber an hour, but could not see him, so went to Westminster, where I
found soldiers in my office to receive money, and paid it them. At noon
went home, where Mrs. Jem, her maid, Mr. Sheply, Hawly, and Moore dined
with me on a piece of beef and cabbage, and a collar of brawn. We then
fell to cards till dark, and then I went home with Mrs. Jem, and meeting
Mr. Hawly got him to bear me company to Chancery Lane, where I spoke with
Mr. Calthrop, he told me that Sir James Calthrop was lately dead, but that
he would write to his Lady, that the money may be speedily paid. Thence
back to White Hall, where I understood that the Parliament had passed the
act for indemnity to the soldiers and officers that would come in, in so
many days, and that my Lord Lambert should have benefit of the said act.
They had also voted that all vacancies in the House, by the death of any
of the old members, shall be filled up; but those that are living shall
not be called in. Thence I went home, and there found Mr. Hunt and his
wife, and Mr. Hawly, who sat with me till ten at night at cards, and so
broke up and to bed.

4th. Early came Mr. Vanly--[Mr Vanley appears to have been Pepys's
landlord; he is mentioned again in the Diary on September 20th, 1660.]--to
me for his half-year's rent, which I had not in the house, but took his
man to the office and there paid him. Then I went down into the Hall and
to Will's, where Hawly brought a piece of his Cheshire cheese, and we were
merry with it. Then into the Hall again, where I met with the Clerk and
Quarter Master of my Lord's troop, and took them to the Swan' and gave
them their morning's draft,

[It was not usual at this time to sit down to breakfast, but instead
a morning draught was taken at a tavern.]

they being just come to town. Mr. Jenkins shewed me two bills of exchange
for money to receive upon my Lord's and my pay. It snowed hard all this
morning, and was very cold, and my nose was much swelled with cold.
Strange the difference of men's talk! Some say that Lambert must of
necessity yield up; others, that he is very strong, and that the
Fifth-monarchy-men [will] stick to him, if he declares for a free
Parliament. Chillington was sent yesterday to him with the vote of pardon
and indemnity from the Parliament. From the Hall I came home, where I
found letters from Hinchinbroke

[Hinchinbroke was Sir Edward Montagu's seat, from which he
afterwards took his second title. Hinchinbroke House, so often
mentioned in the Diary, stood about half a mile to the westward of
the town of Huntingdon. It was erected late in the reign of
Elizabeth, by Sir Henry Cromwell, on the site of a Benedictine
nunnery, granted at the Dissolution, with all its appurtenances, to
his father, Richard Williams, who had assumed the name of Cromwell,
and whose grandson, Sir Oliver, was the uncle and godfather of the
Protector. The knight, who was renowned for, his hospitality, had
the honour of entertaining King James at Hinchinbroke, but, getting
into pecuniary difficulties, was obliged to sell his estates, which
were conveyed, July 28th, 1627, to Sir Sidney Montagu of Barnwell,
father of the first Earl of Sandwich, in whose descendant they are
still vested. On the morning of the 22nd January, 1830, during the
minority of the seventh Earl, Hinchinbroke was almost entirely
destroyed by fire, but the pictures and furniture were mostly saved,
and the house has been rebuilt in the Elizabethan style, and the
interior greatly improved, under the direction of Edward Blore,
Esq., R.A.--B.]

and news of Mr. Sheply's going thither the next week. I dined at home,
and from thence went to Will's to Shaw, who promised me to go along with
me to Atkinson's about some money, but I found him at cards with Spicer
and D. Vines, and could not get him along with me. I was vext at this,
and went and walked in the Hall, where I heard that the Parliament spent
this day in fasting and prayer; and in the afternoon came letters from the
North, that brought certain news that my Lord Lambent his forces were all
forsaking him, and that he was left with only fifty horse, and that he did
now declare for the Parliament himself; and that my Lord Fairfax did also
rest satisfied, and had laid down his arms, and that what he had done was
only to secure the country against my Lord Lambert his raising of money,
and free quarter. I went to Will's again, where I found them still at
cards, and Spicer had won 14s. of Shaw and Vines. Then I spent a little
time with G. Vines and Maylard at Vines's at our viols.

[It was usual to have a "chest of viols," which consisted of six,
viz., two trebles, two tenors, and two basses (see note in North's
"Memoirs of Musick," ed. Rimbault, p. 70). The bass viol was also
called the 'viola da gamba', because it was held between the legs.]

So home, and from thence to Mr. Hunt's, and sat with them and Mr. Hawly at
cards till ten at night, and was much made of by them. Home and so to
bed, but much troubled with my nose, which was much swelled.

5th. I went to my office, where the money was again expected from the
Excise office, but none brought, but was promised to be sent this
afternoon. I dined with Mr. Sheply, at my Lord's lodgings, upon his
turkey-pie. And so to my office again; where the Excise money was
brought, and some of it told to soldiers till it was dark. Then I went
home, and after writing a letter to my Lord and told him the news that the
Parliament hath this night voted that the members that were discharged
from sitting in the years 1648 and 49, were duly discharged; and that
there should be writs issued presently for the calling of others in their
places, and that Monk and Fairfax were commanded up to town, and that the
Prince's lodgings were to be provided for Monk at Whitehall. Then my wife
and I, it being a great frost, went to Mrs. Jem's, in expectation to eat a
sack-posset, but Mr. Edward--[Edward Montage, son of Sir Edward, and
afterwards Lord Hinchinbroke.]--not coming it was put off; and so I left
my wife playing at cards with her, and went myself with my lanthorn to Mr.
Fage, to consult concerning my nose, who told me it was nothing but cold,
and after that we did discourse concerning public business; and he told me
it is true the City had not time enough to do much, but they are resolved
to shake off the soldiers; and that unless there be a free Parliament
chosen, he did believe there are half the Common Council will not levy any
money by order of this Parliament. From thence I went to my father's,
where I found Mrs. Ramsey and her grandchild, a pretty girl, and staid a
while and talked with them and my mother, and then took my leave, only
heard of an invitation to go to dinner to-morrow to my cosen Thomas
Pepys.--[Thomas Pepys, probably the son of Thomas Pepys of London (born,
1595), brother of Samuel's father, John Pepys.]--I went back to Mrs. Jem,
and took my wife and Mrs. Sheply, and went home.

6th. This morning Mr. Sheply and I did eat our breakfast at Mrs.
Harper's, (my brother John' being with me,)

[John Pepys was born in 1641, and his brother Samuel took great
interest in his welfare, but he did not do any great credit to his
elder.]

upon a cold turkey-pie and a goose. From thence I went to my office,
where we paid money to the soldiers till one o'clock, at which time we
made an end, and I went home and took my wife and went to my cosen, Thomas
Pepys, and found them just sat down to dinner, which was very good; only
the venison pasty was palpable beef, which was not handsome. After dinner
I took my leave, leaving my wife with my cozen Stradwick,--[Elizabeth,
daughter of Richard Pepys, Lord Chief Justice of Ireland, and wife of
Thomas Stradwick.]--and went to Westminster to Mr. Vines, where George and
I fiddled a good while, Dick and his wife (who was lately brought to bed)
and her sister being there, but Mr. Hudson not coming according to his
promise, I went away, and calling at my house on the wench, I took her and
the lanthorn with me to my cosen Stradwick, where, after a good supper,
there being there my father, mother, brothers, and sister, my cosen Scott
and his wife, Mr. Drawwater and his wife, and her brother, Mr. Stradwick,
we had a brave cake brought us, and in the choosing, Pall was Queen and
Mr. Stradwick was King. After that my wife and I bid adieu and came home,
it being still a great frost.

7th. At my office as I was receiving money of the probate of wills, in
came Mrs. Turner, Theoph., Madame Morrice, and Joyce, and after I had done
I took them home to my house and Mr. Hawly came after, and I got a dish of
steaks and a rabbit for them, while they were playing a game or two at
cards. In the middle of our dinner a messenger from Mr. Downing came to
fetch me to him, so leaving Mr. Hawly there, I went and was forced to stay
till night in expectation of the French Embassador, who at last came, and
I had a great deal of good discourse with one of his gentlemen concerning
the reason of the difference between the zeal of the French and the
Spaniard. After he was gone I went home, and found my friends still at
cards, and after that I went along with them to Dr. Whores (sending my
wife to Mrs. Jem's to a sack-posset), where I heard some symphony and
songs of his own making, performed by Mr. May, Harding, and Mallard.
Afterwards I put my friends into a coach, and went to Mrs. Jem's, where I
wrote a letter to my Lord by the post, and had my part of the posset which
was saved for me, and so we went home, and put in at my Lord's lodgings,
where we staid late, eating of part of his turkey-pie, and reading of
Quarles' Emblems. So home and to bed.

8th (Sunday). In the morning I went to Mr. Gunning's, where a good
sermon, wherein he showed the life of Christ, and told us good authority
for us to believe that Christ did follow his father's trade, and was a
carpenter till thirty years of age. From thence to my father's to dinner,
where I found my wife, who was forced to dine there, we not having one
coal of fire in the house, and it being very hard frosty weather. In the
afternoon my father, he going to a man's to demand some money due to my
Aunt Bells my wife and I went to Mr. Mossum's, where a strange doctor made
a very good sermon. From thence sending my wife to my father's, I went to
Mrs. Turner's, and staid a little while, and then to my father's, where I
found Mr. Sheply, and after supper went home together. Here I heard of
the death of Mr. Palmer, and that he was to be buried at Westminster
tomorrow.

9th. For these two or three days I have been much troubled with thoughts
how to get money to pay them that I have borrowed money of, by reason of
my money being in my uncle's hands. I rose early this morning, and looked
over and corrected my brother John's speech, which he is to make the next
apposition,--[Declamations at St. Paul's School, in which there were
opponents and respondents.]--and after that I went towards my office, and
in my way met with W. Simons, Muddiman, and Jack Price, and went with them
to Harper's and in many sorts of talk I staid till two of the clock in the
afternoon. I found Muddiman a good scholar, an arch rogue; and owns that
though he writes new books for the Parliament, yet he did declare that he
did it only to get money; and did talk very basely of many of them. Among
other things, W. Simons told me how his uncle Scobel was on Saturday last
called to the bar, for entering in the journal of the House, for the year
1653, these words: "This day his Excellence the Lord General Cromwell
dissolved this House;" which words the Parliament voted a forgery, and
demanded of him how they came to be entered. He answered that they were
his own handwriting, and that he did it by virtue of his office, and the
practice of his predecessor; and that the intent of the practice was
to--let posterity know how such and such a Parliament was dissolved,
whether by the command of the King, or by their own neglect, as the last
House of Lords was; and that to this end, he had said and writ that it was
dissolved by his Excellence the Lord G[eneral]; and that for the word
dissolved, he never at the time did hear of any other term; and desired
pardon if he would not dare to make a word himself when it was six years
after, before they came themselves to call it an interruption; but they
were so little satisfied with this answer, that they did chuse a committee
to report to the House, whether this crime of Mr. Scobell's did come
within the act of indemnity or no. Thence I went with Muddiman to the
Coffee-House, and gave 18d. to be entered of the Club. Thence into the
Hall, where I heard for certain that Monk was coming to London, and that
Bradshaw's 2 lodgings were preparing for him. Thence to Mrs. Jem's, and
found her in bed, and she was afraid that it would prove the small-pox.
Thence back to Westminster Hall, where I heard how Sir H. Vane--[Sir Harry
Vane the younger, an inflexible republican. He was executed in 1662, on a
charge of conspiring the death of Charles I.]--was this day voted out of
the House, and to sit no more there; and that he would retire himself to
his house at Raby, as also all the rest of the nine officers that had
their commissions formerly taken away from them, were commanded to their
farthest houses from London during the pleasure of the Parliament. Here I
met with the Quarter Master of my Lord's troop, and his clerk Mr. Jenings,
and took them home, and gave them a bottle of wine, and the remainder of
my collar of brawn; and so good night. After that came in Mr. Hawly, who
told me that I was mist this day at my office, and that to-morrow I must
pay all the money that I have, at which I was put to a great loss how I
should get money to make up my cash, and so went to bed in great trouble.

10th. Went out early, and in my way met with Greatorex,--[Ralph
Greatorex, the well-known mathematical instrument maker of his day. He is
frequently mentioned by Pepys.]--and at an alehouse he showed me the first
sphere of wire that ever he made, and indeed it was very pleasant; thence
to Mr. Crew's, and borrowed L10, and so to my office, and was able to pay
my money. Thence into the Hall, and meeting the Quarter Master, Jenings,
and Captain Rider, we four went to a cook's to dinner. Thence Jenings and
I into London (it being through heat of the sun a great thaw and dirty) to
show our bills of return, and coming back drank a pint of wine at the Star
in Cheapside. So to Westminster, overtaking Captain Okeshott in his silk
cloak, whose sword got hold of many people in walking. Thence to the
Coffee-house, where were a great confluence of gentlemen; viz. Mr.
Harrington, Poultny, chairman, Gold, Dr, Petty; &c., where admirable
discourse till at night. Thence with Doling to Mother Lams, who told me
how this day Scott

[Thomas Scott, M.P., was made Secretary of State to the Commonwealth
on the 17th of this same January. He signed the death warrant of
Charles I., for which he was executed at Charing Cross, October
16th, 1660. He gloried in his offence, and desired to have written
on his tombstone, "Thomas Scott who adjudged to death the late
king."]

was made Intelligencer, and that the rest of the members that were
objected against last night, their business was to be heard this day
se'nnight. Thence I went home and wrote a letter, and went to Harper's,
and staid there till Tom carried it to the postboy at Whitehall. So home
to bed.

11th. Being at Will's with Captain Barker, who hath paid me L300 this
morning at my office, in comes my father, and with him I walked, and leave
him at W. Joyce's, and went myself to Mr. Crew's, but came too late to
dine, and therefore after a game at shittle-cocks--[The game of battledore
and shuttlecock was formerly much played even in tennis courts, and was a
very violent game.]--with Mr. Walgrave and Mr. Edward, I returned to my
father, and taking him from W. Joyce's, who was not abroad himself, we
inquired of a porter, and by his direction went to an alehouse, where
after a cup or two we parted. I went towards London, and in my way went
in to see Crowly, who was now grown a very great loon and very tame.
Thence to Mr. Steven's with a pair of silver snuffers, and bought a pair
of shears to cut silver, and so homeward again. From home I went to see
Mrs. Jem, who was in bed, and now granted to have the small-pox. Back
again, and went to the Coffee-house, but tarried not, and so home.

12th. I drink my morning at Harper's with Mr. Sheply and a seaman, and so
to my office, where Captain Holland came to see me, and appointed a
meeting in the afternoon. Then wrote letters to Hinchinbroke and sealed
them at Will's, and after that went home, and thence to the Half Moon,
where I found the Captain and Mr. Billingsly and Newman, a barber, where
we were very merry, and had the young man that plays so well on the Welsh
harp. Billingsly paid for all. Thence home, and finding my letters this
day not gone by the carrier I new sealed them, but my brother Tom coming
we fell into discourse about my intention to feast the Joyces. I sent for
a bit of meat for him from the cook's, and forgot to send my letters this
night. So I went to bed, and in discourse broke to my wife what my
thoughts were concerning my design of getting money by, &c.

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