Book: The Evolution Of Man Scientifically Disproved

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Concerning the wild guess of the development of the legs, we again
quote from Mr. Bryan, "In His Image," p. 98: "And according to the
evolutionist, there was a time when animals had no legs, and so the
legs came by accident. How? Well, the guess is that a little animal
was wiggling along on its belly one day, when it discovered a wart--it
just happened so,--and it was in the right place to be used to aid it
in locomotion; so, it came to depend upon the wart, and use finally
developed it into a leg. And then another wart, and another leg, at
the proper time--by accident--and accidentally in the proper place. Is
it not astonishing that any person, intelligent enough to teach
school, would talk such tommyrot to students, and look serious while
doing so?"

Some one has counted that Darwin has used phrases of doubt, like "We
may well suppose," 800 times in his two principal works. The whole
theory is built up on guesses and suppositions. "Let us suppose" that
each guess is 95 per cent certain, which is far higher than the
average or any. The compound probability would equal .95 raised to the
800th power which would be .000,000,000,000,000,006,281 which means
there are 6 chances out of a quintillion that evolution is true. Since
not all of these 800 suppositions are dependent upon each other, we
are willing to multiply this result by 10,000,000,000 which still
shows that the theory has less than one chance in a million to be
true. Darwin himself says, "The belief that an organ so perfect as the
eye could have been formed by natural selection, is more than enough
to STAGGER ANY ONE." Yet he and his followers refuse to be
"staggered," and proceed to argue as if this unanswerable objection
had little or no weight. _Any hypothesis is weakened or damaged by
every support that is an uncertain guess_. Gravitation has no such
support.

Mr. Alfred W. McCann, in his great volume "God or Gorilla," shows that
H. G. Wells, the novelist _alias_ historian(?), in his "Outline
of History," uses 103 pages to show man's descent from an ape-like
ancestry, and employs 96 expressions of doubt or uncertainty, such as
"probably," "perhaps," "possibly," etc. He does not hesitate to
endorse the wildest guesses of the evolutionists, and sits upon the
top of this pyramid of doubt, and proclaims, _ex cathedra_,
apparently without a blush, of our ancestors: "It was half-ape,
half-monkey [elsewhere, he says the lemur was our ancestor]. It
clambered about the trees and ran, and probably ran well, on its hind
legs upon the ground. It was small brained by our present standards,
but it had clever hands with which it handled fruit and beat nuts upon
the rocks, and perhaps caught up sticks and stones to smite its
fellows. IT WAS OUR ANCESTOR."!!!

And he does not hesitate to give a picture of our ancestor drawn by an
artist 500,000 years after its death. Yet this book so dangerous, so
anti-christian, and so untruthful concerning the origin of man, is
recommended by careless librarians, by scholars, and even by
Christians. It will take a long time to erase from the mind of the
youth, the false teachings of this book. It is one of the most
cunningly devised plans ever attempted to teach infidelity and atheism
in the name of history.

PLANS FOR MAN PROVE DESIGN. All nature is crowded with evidence
that God intended to create man. He made great preparation for his
coming. He provided many things useful to man but to no other
species. Veins of coal, almost innumerable--the canned sunshine of
past ages--, are placed near the earth's surface, accessible for man,
when needed for his use. Of no value whatever to any other species,
because they can not make or replenish a fire. A colored preacher did
not miss the mark, when he said, "God stored his coal in his great big
cellar for the use of man." The man who fills his own cellar with
provisions for the winter exhibits no more foresight or design.

The oil and gas were also evidently stored away in the earth for the
use of man. It is worth nothing to animals. Over 41,000,000,000
gallons of oil were consumed in the U.S. in 1924.

All the other minerals likewise were stored in the earth for the use
of man alone,--iron, copper, gold, silver, all the valuable
minerals,--knowing that man would make use of them. The most precious
and most useful minerals are of no value whatever to any species of
animals. God foresaw the marvelous inventions of the present and the
future, and provided the means ages ahead of time. The universe is
crowded so full of design, that there is no room for chance or natural
selection.



15. EVOLUTION ATHEISTIC


Evolution harmonizes with atheism and kindred false theories. This
raises a presumption against its truth, as falsehood does not agree
with the truth. It is reconcilable with infidelity and atheism, but
not with Christianity. Many, like Prof. Coulter, of the Chicago
University, endeavor to show that evolution is reconcilable with
_religion_--and he does show that it harmonizes with the religion
of deism or infidelity. No one doubts that evolution harmonizes with
atheism or the religion of Thomas Paine. But why should we be anxious
to reconcile it with Christianity, when there is so little truth to
support it?

Many evolutionists are atheists. Some believe in the eternity of
matter. This can not be. Both mind and matter can not be eternal. Mind
controls matter; and not matter, mind. Hence the mind of God created
matter.

Some believe the universe came into being by its own power, though
that can not be. Power or force cannot create itself. It must be
attached directly or indirectly to a person. No force can be
disconnected from its cause. Detached force is unthinkable. All force
in the universe can be traced to God. Much of the physical power of
the earth can be traced to the sun,--storms, cataracts, steam,
electricity,--and the sun gets its power from God. Gravitation,
extensive as the universe, is but the power of God in each case.

The total force in the universe _is_ beyond calculation. It is a
part of the power of Almighty God. It approaches infinity. All heat is
convertible into power, and power into heat. Heat, when converted into
power, moves the mighty engines. The power of Niagara may be converted
into heat and light. The sun had lifted the waters of the whole
Niagara River, and the lakes far above the Falls. Its power is
enormous. It lifts up over 1,000,000,000,000 tons of water to the
clouds every day,--more than all the rivers and streams pour into the
seas. The sun equals in size a pile of more than a million worlds like
ours. Every square yard of surface of this enormous sphere, has enough
heat to push a great liner across the sea,--as much power as in many
tons of coal. The amount of heat in the surface of the sun, consisting
of more than 2,284,000,000,000 sq. mi., can hardly be imagined. The
heat of one sq. mi. (3,097,600 sq. yds.) would drive 3,000,000 ships
across the sea,--150 times as many as are afloat. More than
2,200,000,000 times as much heat as the earth receives, goes out into
space. And this enormous amount of heat is but a poor fraction of the
heat of 400,000,000 suns, few of which are so small as ours.

A single star, Betelguese, has recently been computed to be
215,000,000 mi. in diameter, and therefore larger than 10,000,000 suns
like ours. A still more recent computation shows stars even
larger. Antares is 390,000,000 mi. in diameter, equal, to 91,125,000
suns, or 136,687,500,000,000 worlds. If our sun were in the centre of
this sun, it would extend beyond the orbit of Mars. Alpha Hercules is
300,000,000 mi. in diameter. Some stars are so far away that it takes
light 60,000 years to reach us, at the rate of 186,000 mi. in a
second. Some say there are 400,000,000 enormous suns. Compute, if you
can, the sum total of the power causing the light and heat, and the
power of gravitation controlling these vast swarms of stars. All this
power is the power of God, and a weak fraction of the total. This
power could not originate itself. It could not grow. It could not come
by evolution. It could not come by chance.

The doctrine of the Conservation of Force, accepted by scientists,
proves that no part of force can be lost. A God of infinite power is
required to create, maintain and control this vast universe. Force can
no more create itself than matter. God must create and preserve both.
It takes almighty power to maintain the universe in existence, as well
as to create it.

If atheism be true, then, if there was even one germ to start with, as
most admit, it must have created itself, unless the absurd claim that
it came from another world, riding on a meteorite, be entertained. If
such a foolish assumption were possible, it would require a God to
create it in another world.

"The fool hath said in his heart, 'No God'." Some translators would
supply the words omitted by the Hebrew, and make it read: "The fool
hath said in his heart, '_There is_ no God'." Others, "The fool
hath said in his heart, '_I wish there were_ no God'." It is hard
to tell which is the bigger fool, the man who refuses to see the
countless evidences of design, proving His existence; or the man who
refuses to see the terrible wreck of the great universe, and the awful
chaos that would result if there were no God. We can imagine only one
greater fool than either: The man who thinks he can get the world to
believe, under cover of evolution, that there is no God, and that all
things were evolved by chance, even though it be camouflaged by the
terms "natural selection" or "natural law."

Atheism implies spontaneous generation, which is entirely without
proof. Indeed, if spontaneous generation were possible at the
beginning of life, it is possible now, and has been possible during
all the ages. But no proof of it has been given. On the contrary, all
efforts to secure, by chemistry, the lowest forms of life from dead
matter have been without avail. Dr. Leib, of Chicago University, made
earnest efforts to do so. He failed utterly. If nature, aided by the
genius of man, can not now produce the lowest forms of life from
matter, how could it ever have been done? Prof. Huxley filled jars
with sterilized water, and placed in it sterilized vegetation, and
sealed them up, and after 30 years, no life was seen, disproving
spontaneous generation. Pasteur proved that, if milk were sterilized,
there would be no development of life by spontaneous generation. This
discovery was of immense practical value, making milk safe to use.
Prof. Tyndall, the distinguished physicist, said: "If matter is what
the world believes it to be, materialism, spontaneous generation, and
evolution, or development, are absurdities too monstrous to be
entertained by any sane mind." Dr. Clark Maxwell, another
distinguished physicist, says, "I have examined all [theories of
evolution] and have found that every one must have a God to make it
work." _L'Univers_ says: "When hypotheses tend to nothing less
than the shutting out of God from the thoughts and hearts of men, and
the diffusion of the leprosy of materialism, the savant who invents
and propagates them is either a criminal or a fool." Even Darwin seems
to be conscious of a designing mind when he says, "It is difficult to
avoid personifying the word Nature. But I mean by nature only the
aggregate action and product of many natural laws." A futile effort to
exclude God. Who made these laws?

Can a theory that is consistent with false theories, like chance and
atheism be true? Truth is consistent with truth, but not with
falsehood. We can judge a theory by the company it keeps. Evolution
naturally affiliates with false theories rather than with the
truth. It favors infidelity and atheism. A theory in perfect harmony
with manifest error, raises a presumption against its truth.
Evolution seems to have a natural attraction for erroneous hypotheses
and manifests the closest kinship with impossible theories. This is
not a mark of a true theory.

So baneful has been the effect of teaching evolution as a proven
hypothesis, that multitudes have been led into infidelity and
atheism. Prof. James H. Leuba, of Bryn Mawr College, Pa., sent a
questionaire to 1000 of the most prominent scientists teaching
sciences relating to evolution. The replies indicate that more than
one-half do not believe in a personal God, nor the immortality of the
soul,--beliefs almost universal even in the heathen world. So
pernicious is this doctrine of evolution that more than one-half of
the professors who teach it and kindred subjects, are infidels and
atheists and farther from God than the ignorant heathen. And while we
are happy in the conviction that the great majority of professors and
teachers of other subjects are Christians, yet one or two atheists or
infidels are sufficient to make havoc of the faith of many, in a great
college or university.

A doctrine so abhorrent to the conscience, so contrary to the well
nigh universal belief, and so fruitful of evil, certainly can not be
true. Small wonder is it that students are fast becoming infidels and
atheists, and we shudder as we think of the coming generation. A great
responsibility rests upon the authorities who employ such teachers.

The answers of the students in seven large representative colleges and
universities to Prof. Leuba's questionaire, show that while only 15%
of the Freshmen have abandoned the Christian religion, 30% of the
Juniors and over 40% of the Seniors have abandoned the Christian
faith. Note the steady and rapid growth of infidelity and atheism as a
result of this pernicious theory.

Will Christian parents patronize or support or endow institutions that
give an education that is worse than worthless? What the colleges
teach today the world will believe tomorrow.

Atheism, under its own name, has never had many to embrace it. Its
only hope is to be tolerated and believed under some other name. In
Russia, no man is allowed to belong to the ruling (Communist) party
unless he is an atheist. It will be a sorry world when "scientific"
atheism wins, under the name of evolution.

No one has a moral right to believe what is false, much less to teach
it, under the specious plea of freedom of thought.

It is the privilege and duty of parents to send their children to
institutions that are safe.

Nathan Leopold, Jr., and Richard Loeb kidnapped and cruelly murdered
Robert Franks. Both were brilliant scholars and atheists. Both
graduates of universities, though minors, and both were taking a
post-graduate course in the University of Chicago. It is asserted and
widely believed that they were encouraged in their atheistic belief by
the teaching of evolution and modernism, and were thus prepared to
commit a crime that shocked the world.

Most of the writers who advocated evolution became atheists or
infidels; most of the professors who teach it, believe neither in God
nor the immortality of the soul; and the number of students discarding
Christianity rose from 15% in the Freshman year to 40% in the
Senior. What more proof is needed?



16. BRUTE DESCENT IMPOSSIBLE


According to Prof. R. S. Lull and other evolutionists, "The skull of
the pithecanthropus is characterized by a limited capacity of about
two-thirds that of a man." Assuming that this skull is that of a
normal creature of that age, as is done in all the arguments of "our
friends, the enemy," then the pithecanthropus must have lived
20,000,000 years ago, one-third the period assigned to life. They
claim the pithecanthropus lived 750,000 years ago; later the guess is
reduced to 375,000. Does any one in his senses believe that an
ape-human animal developed one-third of the normal human brain in
375,000 or 750,000 years, when it took 59,250,000 years to develop
two-thirds of the brain? If one-third of the normal brain developed in
the last 750,000 years, the rate of development must have been 39.5
times as great as in the preceding 59,250,000 years. If one-third
developed in the last 375,000 years, the rate of development must have
been 78 times as rapid as in the preceding 59,625,000 years. This is
incredible. If life began 500,000,000 years ago, and one-third the
brain developed in the last 750,000 years, the rate must have been 332
times as rapid as in the preceding 499,250,000 years; and 666 times as
rapid in 375,000 years as in the preceding 499,625,000 years. All
these guesses are clearly impossible.

But the agile evolutionist may try to escape the death sentence of
mathematics and the condemnation of reason, by saying that the brain
developed more rapidly than the rest of the body. But he is estopped
from that claim, by the statement of this same Prof. R. S. Lull: "The
brain, especially the type of brain found in the higher human races,
must have been _very_ slow of development." If so, the pithecanthropus
must have lived more than 20,000,000 years ago! So swiftly does
inexorable mathematics upset this reckless theory.

This calculation has been made upon the basis of the estimate of
60,000,000 years since life began, taken from Prof. H. H. Newman in
"Readings in Evolution," p. 68. But, seeing that even this great
estimate of the period of life is not sufficient for evolution, in a
private letter to the writer, Prof. Newman raises his guess to
500,000,000 years. In that case, the pithecanthropus must have lived
one-third of 500,000,000, or 166,666,666 years ago. And, if we are
reckless enough to admit the "moderate estimate" of 1,000,000,000
years, gravely suggested by Prof. Russell, of Princeton University, it
must have lived 333,333,333 years ago. These reckless estimates seem
removed, by the whole diameter of reason, from even a respectable
guess. Every new guess seems to make their case more hopeless. And any
guess that they can make, out of harmony with the Scripture statement,
can be disproved by cold mathematics. In like manner, if the Piltdown
man had the estimated brain capacity of 1070 c.c., instead of the
normal 1500 c.c., this fabricated creature must have lived about
17,200,000 years ago, if life began 60,000,000 years ago; and
143,333,333 years ago, if life began 500,000,000 years ago; (c.c. =
cubic centimeters).

Prof. Schaaffhausen, the discoverer, estimated the capacity of the
Neanderthal man at 1033 c.c. Then he must have lived 18,680,000 years
ago, if we accept the 60,000,000 year period; and 311,333,333 years
ago, if we accept Prof. Russell's guess of 1,000,000,000 years.

And in all these long ages, fragments of only four skeletons of very
doubtful character have been found, and upon this flimsy proof, the
youth of our land are expected by self-styled "scientists" to believe
it, even though it leads them into infidelity and atheism, and causes
the loss of their souls.

Let us take another view. Let us assume that the pithecanthropus
really lived 750,000 years ago, as claimed, which is 1.25% of
60,000,000 years. Therefore, its brain capacity then should have been
98.75% normal, or 1481.25 c.c. or 18.75 c.c. less than the normal 1500
c.c. Also 750,000 years is only .15% of 500,000,000 years; hence in
that case, the brain should have been 99.85% normal, or 1497.75
c.c. In either case, the intelligence must have excelled that of many
nations and races. All these calculations prove positively that no
such creatures as these four alleged ape-men ever could have lived in
the age assigned to them; or, if so, that none could have had, at that
time, the low brain capacity claimed. Q. E. D.

Is it not plain that for the last 2,000,000 years out of 60,000,000
years, the developing human race must have been over 29/30 or 96 2/3%
normal, in intelligence, morality, and spirituality? This is greater
than that of many peoples today. With this high degree of
intelligence, man was capable of great inventions and discoveries.
Not a single monument remains. We would expect some great monument
like the pyramids of Egypt. A race with such advancement, for so many
years would have been able to reach the heights of invention,
discovery, and learning of the present age. Not a whit of evidence
comes down to us.

If 2,000,000 years ago, man had the same skull capacity as the ape,
600 c.c., he has gained 900 c.c. in 2,000,000 years, and only 600
c.c. in 58,000,000 years. His improvement in the last 2,000,000 years,
must have been 43.5 times as rapid as during the preceding 58,000,000
years; or 373.5 times as rapid as during the preceding 498,000,000
years. How was that possible?



17. EIGHT IMPASSABLE GULFS


The evolution theory, stretching from matter to man, is impossible,
because of many impassable gulfs. Some of these impassable gulfs
are:--

1. Between the living and non-living or dead matter;
2. Between the vegetable and the animal kingdoms;
3. Between the invertebrates and the vertebrates;
4. Between marine animals and amphibians;
5. Between amphibians and reptiles;
6. Between reptiles and birds;
7. Between reptiles and mammals;
8. Between mammals and the human body;
9. Between soulless simians and the soul of man, bearing the image of
God.

There is not a scrap of evidence that these gulfs have ever been
crossed. In the scheme, the material must become living by spontaneous
generation; some plants must become invertebrate animals; some
invertebrates must become vertebrates; some marine animals must become
amphibians; some amphibians must become reptiles; some reptiles must
become mammals; some mammals must become humans; some senseless,
soulless simians must acquire a soul and become spiritual enough to
bear the image of God.

There is no convincing proof that any of these great and incredible
advances were ever made. If we estimate the probability of each
transmutation at 10%, which is too high, then the probability that all
these changes up to man were made is .1 raised to the 8th
power, .00000001. Therefore, there is not more than one chance out of
100,000,000 that these 8 changes were made. And if we estimate the
probability of each great change at .001, which is doubtless still too
high, the probability that man took these 8 great steps of evolution
is one out of 1,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000, or a million,
million, million, million. If we estimate the probability of each
change even at 60%, which is far above all reason, the probability of
man's evolution through these 8 changes is only 1 out of 60, which
marks an improbability close to an impossibility. The highest estimate
we can reasonably make, destroys all hope that man or even any other
species could have come by evolution. Few persons realize how
improbable an event is made which depends upon a number of
possibilities or even probabilities, until calculated by the rule of
Compound Mathematical Probability.

Imagine the Copernican or the gravitation theory depending on a number
of possibilities or probabilities! No true theory is built on such an
uncertain foundation.

But, if the evolutionists could prove that 7 out of 8 of the great
changes certainly did occur, but failed to prove the 8th, they would
lose their case. But they have failed in all. They must prove all to
win. There is not the slightest probability that any one of these
changes ever occurred. Hence, the evolution of man from this long line
of alleged ancestors is an absolute impossibility. Q. E. D.

None of these changes is _now_ occurring. There is no spontaneous
generation now. Darwin himself said that spontaneous generation in the
past was "absolutely inconceivable." No reptiles are becoming
mammals, none becoming birds, no apes or monkeys are becoming men. No
species is now transmuted into another, no new species arises. Is not
this proof enough that such great changes never occurred?

Moreover, if dead matter caused one living germ, why did it not cause
more? If some reptiles developed into mammals, and birds, why not all?
If one family of simians became human, why not others? Why not at
least become anthropoids? Why did all other members of the simian
family not become at least part human? Why have they remained
stationary?

Besides, we have with us yet the invertebrates that have not yet
become vertebrates; marine animals that have not become amphibians;
amphibians that have not become reptiles; reptiles that have become
neither mammals nor birds, and a multitude of simians that have not
become human, and are not moving toward man either in bodily form or
intelligence or spirituality. We have the one-celled amoeba, the
microscopic animals, and the lowest forms of animal life. If the great
law of progress and advancement to higher forms has prevailed for so
many million years, there should be none but the highest species. All
should have reached the status of human beings and there should be
none of the lower forms of life which are so abundant. Changes so
radical and vast, stretching through so many ages, would require
millions of connecting links. If reptiles became hairy mammals, we
would expect fossils of thousands, if not millions, in the transition
state. If some reptiles were changed into the 12,000 species of birds,
we would expect countless fossils, part reptile, part bird. Only one
is claimed, the archæopteryx (ancient bird), two specimens of which
are known, which had a feathered tail, and which is only a slight
modification of other birds. Many other birds have departed farther
from the normal. There should be millions of fossils in the transition
state if the theory were true. We have proven elsewhere that there is
no credible evidence of links connecting man with the monkey family.
There would have been many millions. We have shown, at length, that
some of these great changes, especially the Evolution of man from the
brute, could never have occurred. No one of these nine great advances
was ever made, but it will suffice to examine now, as examples, two
alleged great changes, reptiles into mammals, and reptiles into birds.

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