Book: The Evolution Of Man Scientifically Disproved

W >> William A. Williams >> The Evolution Of Man Scientifically Disproved




One distinguished evolutionist has said, "We might as well be made out
of monkey as out of mud. It is mud or monkey." Most of us would
retort, "I would rather be created a human being out of the filthiest
mud by Almighty God than owe my existence to the brainiest monkey that
ever lived." Please note, "The Lord God formed man of the _dust_
of the ground," not _mud_. The evolutionists are as wild in their
exegesis as in their guesses.

2. THE HEIDELBERG JAW. The second relic, in the order of time,
relied upon by the evolutionists to prove the brute origin of man, is
a "human jaw of great antiquity, discovered in the _sands_ of the
Mauer River, near Heidelberg." Hence, it is called the Mauer jaw, or
the Heidelberg Jaw, or Heidelberg man, or the high sounding Latin name
of Homo Heidelbergensis. It needs all the names that can be given to
it, to elevate it to the dignity of an ancestor. "This jaw was found
in undisturbed stratified _sand_, (sand again) at the depth of
about 69 feet from the summit of the deposit." Dr. Schoetensack, the
discoverer, says, "Had the teeth been absent, it would have been
impossible to diagnose it as human."

They say it is 700,000 years old, preserved in sand. A later estimate
says 375,000 years. (Any wild guess will do.) It resembles the jaw of
an ape, and the tooth of a man. Was it not likely the abnormal jaw of
a modern man, in historic time swept into the sands by the freshets
and floods of a few centuries? It is only fair to say that many
scientists of the evolutionary school, do not believe the Heidelberg
man an ancestor of our race. "These remains," says one, "show no trace
of being intermediate between man and the anthropoid ape." Some claim
it a connecting link. Others deny it. Some say the find is of the
utmost value; others say it is worthless. All are guesses, wild
guesses at that. They hopefully reach out their hands in the night,
and gather nothing but handfuls of darkness.

Since a modern Eskimo skull has been shown by a distinguished
scientist to have the same appearance and peculiarities as the
Heidelberg jaw, it is easy to believe that this jaw can be duplicated
in many graveyards. Greater abnormalities, in great numbers, can be
found in the skeletons of modern man. Without doubt, this jaw belongs
to modern man, and has no evidential value at all in favor of
evolution.

We count these relics normal, in our arguments, because evolutionists
do. If they are not normal, they are the remains of modern man and
brutes and their whole argument falls to the ground.

3. THE PILTDOWN MAN (OR FAKE). The next fragments of bones, in
chronological order, upon which evolutionists rely to prove their
impossible theory, has been called the Piltdown man. It has been more
truthfully called the Piltdown fake. Dr. Chapin gravely tells us
(Social Evolution, p. 67): "During the years 1912, a series of
fragments of a human skull and a jaw bone were found associated with
eolithic implements and the bones of extinct mammals in Pleistocene
deposits on a plateau, 80 feet above the river bed, at Piltdown,
Fletching, Sussex, Eng.....The remains were of great importance. The
discoverers regard this relic as a specimen of a distinct genus of the
human species and it has been called Eoanthropus Dawsoni. This extinct
man lived in Europe hundreds of thousands of years ago." We have
passed over 200,000 to 300,000 years since the Heidelberg man, that
have not yielded a scrap of bone, though according to the theory,
countless millions of ape-men must have lived in various stages of
development, in that great stretch of time. Why were not some of them
preserved? Simply because there were no ape-men. There are countless
relics of apes, but none of ape-men. Even Wells says: "At a great
open-air camp at Solutre, where they seem to have had annual
gatherings for many centuries, it is estimated there are the bones of
100,000 horses." Would we not expect as many bones of ape-men? While
Wells says the bones of 100,000 horses were found in a single
locality, Dr. Ales Hrdlicka says that the bones of 200,000 prehistoric
horses were found in another place. Why should we not find, for the
same reason, the bones of millions of ape-men and ape-women in 750,000
years? Instead of millions we have the alleged fragments of 4, all of
which are of a very doubtful character.

The bones of this precious Piltdown find consisted, at first, of a
_piece of the jaw bone, another small piece of bone from the
skull_, and a canine tooth, which the zealous evolutionists located
in the lower right jaw, when it belonged in the upper left; later, two
molar teeth and two nasal bones,--scarcely a double hand full in
all. An ape-man was "reconstructed" made to look like an ape-man,
according to the fancy of the artist. The artist can create an
ape-man, even if God could not create a real man! But scientists said
the teeth did not belong to the same skull, and the jaw could not be
associated with the same skull. Ales Hrdlicka says, "The jaw and the
tooth belong to a fossil chimpanzee." Conscientious scientists said
that the pieces of the jaw and skull could not belong to the same
individual. They constructed a scarecrow from the bones of an ape and
of a man, and offer this, without the batting of an eye, as a
scientific proof of the antiquity of man. The great anthropologist of
world-wide reputation, Prof. Virchow, said: "In vain have Darwin's
adherents sought for connecting links which should connect man with
the monkey. _Not a single one has been found_. This so-called
pro-anthropus, which is supposed to represent this connecting link,
has not appeared. No true scientist claims to have seen him." Sir Ray
Lancaster, writing to H. G. Wells, concerning the Piltdown find,
says, "We are stumped and baffled." Yet in spite of all this, nearly
1,000,000 persons annually pass through the American Museum of Natural
History in New York, and view the "reconstruction" according to the
artist's fancy, of the pithecanthropus, the Heidelberg man, the
Piltdown man, and the Neanderthal man, the "ancestors of the human
race;" and the multitude of high school students and teachers, as well
as the general public, are not told how dubious and unscientific the
representation is.

The brain capacity of the Piltdown individual (man or ape) is set down
by his discoverers at 1070 c.c., which is 28 2/3% short of the normal
skull capacity, 1500 c.c. Therefore, he must have lived 17,200,000
years ago, if we accept the estimate of 60,000,000 years since life
began; or 143,333,333 years ago, if we accept the later guess of
500,000,000 years. It could not have lived near the time assigned. In
short, no guess of the origin of man that differs materially from the
time assigned in the word of God, can be harmonized with the facts.

4. THE NEANDERTHAL MAN. The next slender prop is the
Neanderthal man, claimed to be 40,000 to 50,000 years old, although we
are told that that is very uncertain.

Dr. Chapin says, "The first important discovery of the existence of an
early example of mankind differing markedly from any living (?) and of
a decidedly lower type, was made in 1857, when a part of a skull was
found in a cave near Dusseldorf, Germany. The bones consisted of the
upper portion of a cranium, remarkable for its flat retreating curve,
the upper arm and thigh bones, a collar bone, and rib fragments." From
these fragments, an ape-man has been created (by the artist), about 5
ft. 3 in. high, strong, fierce in look, and having other
characteristics created by the artist.

Dr. Osborn assigns to the Neanderthal skull a capacity of 1408 c.c.,
which would indicate that he lived 3,680,000 years ago, if life began
60,000,000 years ago; or 30,666,666 years ago, if life began
500,000,000 years ago.

From the first, many naturalists claimed that these bones belonged to
an abnormal specimen of humanity. They can be easily duplicated.
Naturalists have maintained many divergent opinions: an idiot, an
early German, a Cossack, a European of various other nationalities, a
Mongolian, a primitive ape-man, an ancestor of modern man, and an
impossible ancestor of man. Not very reliable evidence to support the
stupendous scheme of evolution!

Now these four finds are the weak props supporting the desperate claim
of the brute origin of man. Dr. Chapin says (Social Evolution,
p. 68): "Other skulls and bone parts of prehistoric man have been
found, and preserved in museums, but the specimens described (the four
above mentioned) are sufficient to illustrate _the type of
evidence_ they constitute." The later finds measuring close to
normal capacity, doubtless are the bones of the descendants of
Adam. Even by the admission of this text-book author, the evidence
from other remains is no more convincing than that from these four
types.

Some evolutionists say that the pithecanthropus, the Heidelberg man,
the Piltdown man, and the Neanderthal man, form an unbroken line of
descent from the ape, each in turn becoming less like the ape, and
more like man. Others claim that the pithecanthropus was the end of a
special branch of the apes; the Heidelberg man the last of another
extinct branch; the Piltdown man and the Neanderthal man, likewise the
last of other extinct species. In this case, all four finds have no
evidential value whatever. All these confusing guesses from evidence
so scant and uncertain, stamp evolution a "science falsely so called."

If these branches, species, or races of ape-like creatures ended, as
claimed, in the age to which these alleged remains belonged, they
could not have been the ancestors of the human race, and these alleged
links were not links at all. Some evolutionists say that the
Neanderthal race became extinct 25,000 years ago. If so, they were not
our ancestors. We are curious to know what caused the extinction of
all these races. Prof. R. S. Lull confesses, "However we account for
it, the fact remains that ancient men are _rare_." Most unbiased
students would say such men never existed. The entire absence of human
remains during the 750,000 years and more is a demonstration against
the brute origin of man, and a proof of special creation.

It will be remembered that there is no complete skeleton among all the
remains, nor enough parts to make one altogether, nor to make any
large part of a skeleton,--not even an entire skull. What bones are
found are not joined together, and some of them scattered so widely
apart, that no one can be certain they belong to the same
individual. Some of the bones belong to an ape, and some to
man,--doubtless modern man. Ardent evolutionists, with a zeal worthy
of a better cause, have taken a fractional bone of a man, and a bone
of an ape, and fashioned a composite being, and called it an ape-man,
and their ancestor.

Every one of these finds is disputed by scientists, and even by
evolutionists. And all these doubtful relics would not fill a small
market basket. Yet some are ready to say that evolution is no longer a
guess or a theory, but a proven fact. Text books like Chapin's Social
Evolution are placed in the hands of pupils giving only the arguments
in favor, and the student, even if disposed to question this flimsy
and unsupported theory, is helpless in the hands of an adroit
professor. Dr. Gruenberg's high school text book teaches that man is
descended from the pithecanthropus, the Heidelberg, the Piltdown and
the Neanderthal man, without the slightest intimation that such
descent is at all disputed or questioned. What right has anyone to
teach this false and unproved theory as the truth?



30. CONFESSED COLLAPSE OF "PROOF"


The claim that the pithecanthropus, the Heidelberg man, the Piltdown
man, and the Neanderthal man, were the ancestors of man, collapses
under the admissions of evolutionists themselves. The eminent Wassman
says: "There are numerous fossils of apes, the remains of which are
buried in the various strata from the lower Eocene to the close of the
alluvial epoch, but _not one connecting link_ has been found
between their hypothetical ancestral forms and man at the present
time. The whole hypothetical pedigree of man is _not supported by a
single fossil genus or a single fossil species_" (all italics
ours). Darwin says: "When we descend to details, _we can prove that
not one species has changed_." How, then, can man be descended from
the brute?

Even H. G. Wells, who seems ready to endorse the most extravagant
views, says (Outline of History, p. 69), "We can not say that it (the
pithecanthropus) is a direct human ancestor." On p. 116, is a "Diagram
of the Relationship of Human Races," showing that neither the
pithecanthropus, the Heidelberg man, the Piltdown man, nor the
Neanderthal man, could have been an ancestor of the human race,
because each were the last of their species, and therefore had no
descendants.

Dr. Keith, a London evolutionist, says that the Piltdown man is not an
ancestor of man, much less an intermediate between the Heidelberg man
and the Neanderthal man. Sir Ray Lancaster confesses he is "baffled
and stumped" as to the Piltdown man. Dr. Keith says the "Neanderthal
man was not quite of our species."

Dr. Osborn says that the Heidelberg man "shows no trace of being
intermediate between man and the anthropoid ape." Again, speaking of
the teeth of the St. Brelade man, Dr. Osborn says, "This special
feature alone would exclude the Neanderthals from the ancestry of the
higher races."

Prof. R. S. Lull says, "Certain authorities have tried to prove that
the pithecanthropus is nothing but a large gibbon, but the weight of
authority considers it prehuman, though not in the line of direct
development in humanity."

Prof. Cope, a distinguished anatomist, says, "The femur [of the
pithecanthropus] is that of a man, it is in no sense a connecting
link."

In his "Men of the Old Stone Age," Dr. Osborn puts the
pithecanthropus, the Heidelberg man, the Piltdown man, and the
Neanderthal man, on limbs which _terminate abruptly as extinct
races_. They can, in no sense, then, be the ancestors of man, or
connecting links. Why, then, do they cling so desperately to these
alleged proofs, when they admit they have no evidential value? Only
sheer desperation, just as a drowning man will clutch a straw.

Dr. W. E. Orchard says: "The remains bearing on this issue, which have
been found are very few, and their _significance is hotly disputed
by scientists themselves,--both their age, and whether they are human
or animal, or mere abnormalities_."

Since these four creatures (of the evolutionists) can not be the
ancestors of the human race, where are their descendants?
Evolutionists are obliged to say they were the last of their
kind. Strange! But there is no other way of escape.

Prof. Bronco, of the Geological and Palaeontological Institute of
Berlin University, says, "_Man appeared suddenly in the Quaternary
period. Palaeontology tells us nothing on the subject,--it knows
nothing of the ancestors of man_."

As fossils must be imbedded in rock, there is not a single fossil of
an ape-man in the world.



31. PICTURES IN CAVERNS


To bolster up the hypothesis, that some of the scraps of bones
belonged to ape-men; who lived about 50,000 years ago, we are told
that, in many caverns there are paintings of animals, some of which
are extinct, proving that the artists were ape-men of advancing
intellect, living in that day. These drawings are rude, and inexact,
and the resemblance to extinct animals rather fanciful. If the writer
were to try to draw a picture of a horse on the stone walls of a dark
cavern, with no light, it would be just as likely to resemble an
extinct animal, or possibly an animal that never did live and never
will. Many of the paintings are found in the depths of unlit caverns,
often difficult of access. How could they paint any picture in the
dark, when even fire was unknown, and the torch and lamp-wick had not
yet been invented? And how could they make a ladder, or erect
scaffolding of any sort in that rude age, before there were inventions
of any kind? Yet they tell us that the frescoes on the ceiling of the
dark cavern of Altamira, Spain, were made 25,000 to 50,000 years ago,
when fire was unknown, and they ask us to believe that several colors
are used, brown, red, black, yellow, and white; and that these
drawings and colors have remained undisturbed and unchanged through
these long ages. Is it easier to believe this, than to believe that
these drawings were made by modern man, using modern inventions? A
theory left to such support, must be poverty-stricken in argument
indeed.



32. VESTIGIAL ORGANS


The claim is made that the so-called rudimentary organs in the human
body such as the appendix, are the remnants of more complete organs
inherited from our animal ancestors. It is a strange argument that a
once complete and useful organ in our alleged animal ancestors, when
it becomes atrophied in man, causes such an improvement and advance,
as to cause man to survive, when his ancestors with more perfect
organs became extinct. Man with less perfect organs became the
dominant species. If the perfect organ were better than the
rudimentary organ, how can man be the "survival of the fittest"? If
rudimentary organs are a proof of descent from animals with more
extensive, if not more perfect, organs, then both man and monkeys must
be descended from the rat, which has the longest proportionate
appendix of all. If unused muscles speak of our ancestry, the horse
has the strongest claim to be our ancestor.

But many organs, such as "the thyroid gland, the thymus gland, and the
pineal gland," formerly classified as rudimentary organs, are found to
be very useful and necessary.

Physicians have found the appendix very useful in preventing
constipation, which its removal usually increases. If we only knew
enough, we would, no doubt, discover a beneficial use for all the
so-called vestigial organs. Our ignorance is no argument against the
wisdom of their creation. The claim that human hair is vestigial is
spoiled by the fact that there is none on the back where most abundant
on simians.



33. SEROLOGY, OR BLOOD TESTS


They tell us that the blood of a dog injected into the veins of a
horse, will kill the horse, whereas the blood of a man injected into
the veins of an ape results in very feeble reaction, which proves that
the dog and the horse, they say, are not related by blood, while the
man and the ape are so related. But a distinguished authority says,
"The blood of the dog is poisonous to other animals, whilst, on the
other hand, the blood and the blood serum of the _sheep, goat_
and _horse_, have generally little effect on other animals _and
on man_. It is for this reason that these animals and particularly
the horse, are used in preparation of the serums employed in
medicines."

It is also stated as a fact that mare's milk more nearly resembles
human milk than that of any other animal save the ass, a nearly
related species--to the mare, let us hope, not to us. Because of this
resemblance, it is reported by Dr. Hutchinson that, "One of the large
dairy companies in England now keeps a stock of milch asses for the
purpose of supplying asses' milk for delicate human babes."

These well-known facts would prove the horse and the ass a nearer
relative than the ape, since serums are not made from the blood of the
ape. We prefer the innocent sheep to the ape as our near relative, and
will allow the evolutionists to claim the goat.

Dr. W. W. Keen, Prof. Emeritus of Jefferson College, Phila., in his
book, "I believe in God and in Evolution," on p. 48 says, "Here again
you perceive such identity of function, that the thyroid gland of
animals, when given as a remedy to man, performs precisely the same
function as the human thyroid. Moreover, it is not the thyroid gland
from the anthropoid apes that is used as a remedy but that from the
more lowly sheep." Again the force of Dr. Keen's argument goes to
prove, so far as it has any weight, that we have a nearer kinship to
the sheep than the ape. Children are nourished by the milk of the cow,
the ass and the goat, not of the ape. Vaccine matter is taken from
the cow and serums from the horse, not from any species of monkey, to
which we do not seem to be related at all.

The conclusions of the blood tests are unreliable and uncertain. W. B.
Scott, an expert evolutionist, says, "It must not be supposed that
there is any exact mathematical ratio between the degrees of
relationship indicated by the blood tests, and those which are shown
by anatomical and palaeontological evidence.... It could hardly be
maintained that an ostrich and a parrot are more nearly allied than a
wolf and a hyena, and yet that would be the inference from the blood
tests."

Prof. Rossle, in 1905, according to McCann, presented evidence to show
that the blood reaction does not in any manner indicate how closely
any two animals are related; and that evidence based on resemblance of
blood is not trustworthy in support of a common relationship. In many
cases, transfusions of the human blood into apes have positive
reactions. We do not make pets of the ape, baboon or chimpanzee, but
of the dog whose traits are far more nearly human. If any brute
ancestor is possible, have not the evolutionists guessed the wrong
animal?



34. EMBRYOLOGY


Embryology, or the Recapitulation Theory, is the last, and perhaps the
least important of the claims advanced in favor of evolution. It is
claimed that the whole history of evolution is briefly repeated in the
early stages of embryonic life. W. B. Scott, in the "Theory of
Evolution," says, "Thirty years ago, the recapitulation theory was
well nigh universally accepted. Nowadays it is very seriously
questioned, and by some high authorities is altogether denied."

It is hard to see why the history of the species should be repeated by
the embryo. It is difficult to crowd the history of ages into a few
days or weeks. It must be enormously abbreviated. It is a physical
impossibility. Changes caused by many environments must take place in
the same environment, contradicting the theory of evolution. So many
exceptions must be made that there can be no universal law. Such
general similarity as we find in embryonic life, may be accounted for,
on the ground that the Creator used one general plan with unlimited
variation, never repeating himself so as to make two faces or two
leaves or two grains of sand exactly alike.

"Embryology is an ancient manuscript with many of the sheets lost,
others displaced, and with spurious passages interpolated by a later
hand." It is hard to construct a syllogism, showing the force of the
argument from Embryology. Try it.

Various other evolution arguments are answered in PART ONE, and
completely refuted by UP-TO-DATE SCIENTIFIC FACTS. No one has yet
noted an error, nor answered an argument. If all students, teachers,
ministers, etc., had this book (pp. 116-7), evolutionists could no
longer conceal the "unanswerable arguments," nor answer them by
ridicule or abuse.




PART THREE

THE SOUL



35. THE ORIGIN OF THE SOUL


Evolution fails to account for the origin of the body of man. Still
more emphatically, does it fail to account for the origin of the soul,
or spiritual part of man. This is part of the stupendous task of
evolution. Its advocates give it little or no attention. We are not
surprised. If they _could_ show the evolution of the human body
_probable_ or even _possible_, they can never account for
the origin of the soul, save by creation of Almighty God. We can not
release evolutionists upon the plea that they cannot account for the
faculties and spiritual endowments of man. This is a confession of
complete failure. Though invisible to the eye or the microscope, they
are positive realities. They can not be dismissed with a wave of the
hand or a gesture of contempt. We have a right to demand an
explanation for every phenomenon connected with the body or soul of
man. The task may be heavy, and even impossible, yet every hypothesis
must bear every test or confess failure. They have undertaken to
propose a scheme that will account for the origin of man, as he is,
soul and body, and if they fail, the hypothesis fails.

How do we account for the existence of each individual soul? It can
not be the product of the arrangement of the material of the brain, as
the materialists do vainly teach. It can not be the product of
evolution, nor a growth from the father or mother. The soul is not
transmitted to be modified or changed. It is indivisible. The soul of
the child is not a part of the soul of either parent. The parents
suffer no mental loss from the new soul. It must be created before it
can grow. God creates each soul without doubt, and so God created the
souls of Adam and Eve. If creation is possible now, it was possible at
the beginning of the race. If God creates the soul now, analogy
teaches strongly the creation of the souls of Adam and Eve. If
evolution be true, there was no creation in the past, and is none
now. This is contradicted by the facts every day and every hour.

Copyright (c) 2007. knowncrafts.net. All rights reserved.